c h a p t e r19- p l a t e t e c t o n i c s（c h p t e r19 - p l c t e t e t o n i c s）.docVIP

下载本文档

3
0
约1.97万字
约 7页
2017-01-29 发布于四川
举报
版权申诉

c h a p t e r19- p l a t e t e c t o n i c s（c h p t e r19 - p l c t e t e t o n i c s）.doc

1、原创力文档（book118）网站文档一经付费（服务费），不意味着购买了该文档的版权，仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用，不得用于商业用途，未经授权，严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等，侵权必究。。
2、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传，本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺！文档内容仅供研究参考，付费前请自行鉴别。如您付费，意味着您自己接受本站规则且自行承担风险，本站不退款、不进行额外附加服务；查看《如何避免下载的几个坑》。如果您已付费下载过本站文档，您可以点击这里二次下载。
3、如文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等，请点击“版权申诉”（推荐），也可以打举报电话：400-050-0827(电话支持时间：9:00-18:30)。
4、该文档为VIP文档，如果想要下载，成为VIP会员后，下载免费。
5、成为VIP后，下载本文档将扣除1次下载权益。下载后，不支持退款、换文档。如有疑问请联系我们。
6、成为VIP后，您将拥有八大权益，权益包括：VIP文档下载权益、阅读免打扰、文档格式转换、高级专利检索、专属身份标志、高级客服、多端互通、版权登记。
7、VIP文档为合作方或网友上传，每下载1次，网站将根据用户上传文档的质量评分、类型等，对文档贡献者给予高额补贴、流量扶持。如果你也想贡献VIP文档。上传文档

CHAPTER 2 - PLATE TECTONICS Overview This is a long, high content chapter that treats plate tectonics, and the allied, older concepts of continental drift and sea-floor spreading, supported by 65 figures and five boxes. It begins with an account of Wegners proposal of continental drift and the formation of Pangaea in the early 1900s, a discussion of his evidence (fossil floras, Paleozoic glaciation, paleoclimatology, polar wandering), and the reasons for skepticism by contemporary geologists. Studies of paleomagnetism revived the idea of continental drift to explain problems with pole positioning. Modern surface geological studies support continental reconstructions to the point that maps of former positions can be drawn (Figure 2.2), and the history of continental movement can be determined. Conveyor belt-like movement of the sea floor from the mid-oceanic ridges to subduction beneath a continent or island arc in response to mantle convection was visualized in a proposal by Harry Hess in 1962. These ideas quickly became known as sea-floor spreading. Sea-floor spreading explains many processes known to occur at both mid-oceanic ridges and oceanic trenches, and what is known of the age of the sea floor. The ideas of continental drift and sea-floor spreading were combined into the theory of plate tectonics by the late 1960s. The earths surface is visualized as divided into plates of either oceanic or a combination of oceanic and continental lithosphere (Figure 2.1) that move on the asthenosphere. Plate boundaries are described as diverging, converging or transform. Magnetic anomalies and seismicity of fracture zones were used to test sea-floor spreading. The symmetrical pattern of normal and reversed magnetic anomalies with respect to the mid-oceanic ridges was attributed to basaltic intrusion and sea-floor spreading according to the Morley-Vine-Matthews hypothesis. The hypothesis also allowed measurement of spreading rates (1 to 6 cm/yr), predictions of the age of