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chapter3 forces- a p e l education consultancy l l c（第三章力量- p e l l l c教育咨询公司）.doc

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Lesson 1 What Forces Affect Objects on Earth Every Day? Fast Fact Get a Grip The grooves in a cars tires help the tires grip the road and drain water on a rainy day. This means that more force is needed to move the car. Drag race cars have no grooves in their tires so that they can move off the starting line faster. In the Investigate, you will explore how forces work with and against one another. 110 On a Roll Materials shoe box without a lid unsharpened pencils 20-cm piece of string spring scale blocks or other heavy objects Procedure 1. Punch a small hole in one end of the box, near the center. 2. Thread the string through the hole. Tie the string to itself. You should be able to pull the box by the string. 3. Place some blocks, weights, or other heavy objects in the box. 4. Line up the pencils on a tabletop. The pencils should be close to one another but not touching. Keep the pencils parallel. 5. Place the box on a smooth, flat surface. Attach the string to the spring scale, and use the scale to pull the box. Observe the amount of force you use to move the box. 6. Place the box on the array of pencils. Pull the box again with the scale. Observe the amount of force you use this time. Draw Conclusions 1. Is the box easier to move with the pencils or without them? Why? 2. Inquiry Skill Scientists communicate to share ideas. Why does putting wheels on heavy objects make them easier to move? Share your idea with a younger student. Investigate Further Investigate to compare the amounts of force needed to move the box on different surfaces. What kind of surface makes the box easiest to pull? 111 Reading in Science VOCABULARY force p.112 friction p.113 gravity p.114 gravitational force p.114 magnetic p. 116 magnetic force p.116 SCIENCE CONCEPTS what the different kinds of forces are how motion is affected by weak and strong forces READING FOCUS SKILL CAUSE AND EFFECT Find out how different forces affect the objects around you. Forces What pushes y