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chaptertwenty-three- pearson custom（chaptertwenty-three皮尔逊-自定义）.doc

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23 chapter twenty-three Collective Behavior and Social Movements What are the various types of collective behavior? Why do social movements arise? How do social movements bring about change? On December 26, 2004, at one minute before 8 o’clock in the morning, a massive earthquake shook the floor of the Indian Ocean just off the western tip of the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. As the ocean floor shifted violently, it produced a tsunami, a massive wall of water, as high as 100 feet, that raced across the ocean and slammed into shorelines of not only Indonesia but Thailand to the northeast and Sri Lanka, India, and the coast of Africa to the west. The huge waves rolled over the coastline, destroying everything and everyone in their path. Buildings were washed from their foundations, cars and trains were pushed around as if they were toys, and in a matter of seconds, entire communities were literally washed away. More than 230,000 people were killed, making the tsunami one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history.( What happens to people when their world is suddenly torn apart by unexpected events? How do communities cope with such devastation? Studying disasters is one example of the work sociologists do when they investigate collective behavior, activity involving a large number of people that is unplanned, often controversial, and sometimes dangerous. This chapter investigates various types of collective behavior—including what happens when people are faced with disasters, mobs and riots, panic and mass hysteria, rumor and gossip, and fashions and fads. In addition, we will examine social movements, a type of collective behavior aimed at changing people’s lives in some important way. Studying Collective Behavior Collective behavior is difficult for sociologists to study for three reasons: 1. Collective behavior is diverse.?Collective behavior involves a wide range of human action. At first glance, it is difficult to see what disasters have in common wit