m e m b r a n e t r a n s p o r t- angelo state university（m e m b r n e t r n s p o r t -安吉洛州立大学）.docVIP

What are the 3 major processes that use energy? PLASMALEMMA TRANSPORT Ch 5 Cells need both inorganic (oxygen, cofactors, etc.) organic substances (CLiP oNs) to survive. - Transport of substances is necessary to maintain a relatively constant internal environment—homeostasis - Cells have membranes (or plasmalemma) that serve as barriers between the ECF ICF What are the 3 parts of the ECF? Plasmalemma Fxs 1. Physical isolation containment 2. Regulation of exchange with environment 3. Communication between the cell its environment 4. Structural support Structure of the Plasmalemma: the Phospholipid Bilayer - membranes are mostly lipids proteins - Fluid Mosaic Model: membrane not a rigid structure—like liquid cooking oil; allows shape change; transport processes dependent on its fluidity - membrane lipids form a physical chemical barrier between the cytoplasm ECF - membrane proteins may be tightly or loosely bound to the membrane membrane-spanning = integral; associated = extrinsic/peripheral - membrane not held by chemical bonds, each phospholipid molecule is able to twirl around rapidly, as well as move about within their own half of the layer, much like skaters on a crowded rink - hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails serve as a barrier to passage of water-soluble substances between the ICF ECF. Water soluble substances cannot dissolve in and pass through the lipid bilayer, but water molecules themselves are small enough to pass between the phospholipids 1. Cholesterol is nonpolar so it’s tucked in between the fatty acid tails of the phospholipid molecules. Cholesterol prevents the fatty acid chains from packing together crystallizing, a process that would drastically reduce membrane fluidity; makes the plasmalemma impermeable to some small water soluble (polar) molecules; and keeps the membrane flexible over a wide range of temperatures. 2. Carbohydrates: aid in cell recognition communication, as well as structural integrity;