main ideas outline- chapter1- schoolwires（主要思想- chapter1 schoolwires轮廓）.docVIP

Main Ideas Outline - Chapter 1 Native American Cultures Civilizations in South Maya, Aztec, Inca - Empires Agriculture Technology – Cities, Government Org, Agriculture and Trade Civilizations in North Complex and varied civilizations Subsisted on Hunting, Gathering, Fishing Dwellings, cities (Cahokia, Mesa Verde) Mound Building Cultural differences (social, political, economic) Agricultural Revolution Transformation from nomadic to sedentary Population Growth Permanent shelters More time – Develop culture (religion, language) Bonds with natural world – center of lifestyle, religion Social and labor divisions Europeans Middle Ages (500-1500) Fall of Roman Empire – Lost knowledge (Dark Ages) Feudalism, Fiefdoms, Roman Catholic Church, Plague, War Renaissance (1450-1550) Population Growth Rise in property values – demand (Nobles wealthy- rents) Demand for new products and markets Reawakening of commerce – New merchant class arise (Crusades) Advancement in technology – ships, instruments, maps, navigation New United and powerful governments (centralization) New stronger monarchs – stand up to pope Great wealth and power Professional armies, tax collection, court systems Nobility weakened Demand for greater sources of commerce and markets European Societies of the 1400s Social Hierarchy Ranked by class Ruled by nobles, landowners and clergy Lowest order comprised by peasants and field laborers Nobility offered peasants land and protection Peasants supplied labor, crops, livestock, and military service Little social mobility Exception was artisans and merchants Made money for selves and tax revenue for monarchs Taxes help fund exploration of new world Christianity Shapes the European Outlook Roman Catholic Church is dominate institution in Western Europe Pope and Bishops held great political and spiritual authority Priests conv