(知识全解第一专题名词及其习惯用语.docVIP

知识全解 absence ［U］ ［C］ 缺席;不在,离开;缺勤 She never speaks ill of anyone in his or her absence. 她从不乘人不在时说别人的坏话。 The absence of color in that drawing makes it dull. 那幅画因没有着色而显得晦暗。 【拓展】 absent adj.缺席的；不在的　absently adv.心不在焉地 【短语】 absence from classes缺课 absence of mind心不在焉 in the absence of ...不在时 In the absence of firm evidence the prisoner was set free.因缺乏证据，被告被释放了。 Please look after my house during my absence from Beijing.我不在北京期间，请帮我看房子。 accident ［C］ 事故；意外事故 An accident happened.出了一个事故。 【拓展】 accidental adj.偶然的　accidentally adv.偶然地，意外地 【短语】 by accident 偶然地；无意中（同by chance）  without accident安全地；无恙地 We got back without accident.我们安全地归来了。 【辨析】 accident，incident 1)accident偶然发生的意外事故;2）incident小事，（政治性的）事件,事变 an ordinary incident一件普通的小事 the July 7th Incident of 1937 1937年七七事变 Her husband was killed in a road accident last summer.她的丈夫死于去年夏天的一次车祸。 advantage ［C］ 优势；有利条件;［U］利益；好处 It has more disadvantages than advantages. 这弊大于利。 Is there any advantage in getting there early? 早到那里是否值得？ 【拓展】 disadvantage n.不利，不利条件；损失 【短语】 take advantage of利用；欺骗 have an advantage over胜过 have the advantage of sb.比某人强，占上风 to advantage用某种方法使优点突出 Peter took advantage of this visit to Paris to improve his French. 彼得利用这次去巴黎访问提高他的法语。 The picture may be seen to advantage against a plain wall. 这幅画衬在素墙上就更好看了。 advice ［U］ 建议;劝告 The doctor gave some advice on how to improve our health. 医生就如何增进健康向我们提了一些建议。 【短语】 a piece of advice一条意见，不能说成an advice follow/take one’s advice接受某人的意见  ask for advice征求意见 give advice on就某事提出意见 Can you give me a piece of advice? 你能给我提个意见吗？ 注：advice vt.=advise,advice doing sth. aim ［U］ 目标 It is now our aim to set up a factory. 我们现在的目的是创办一座工厂。 【短语】 take aim at瞄准  achieve one’s aim达到目的  miss one’s aim达不到目标 The hunter took careful aim at the bear.猎人仔细瞄准熊。 注：aim vi.瞄准　aim at...瞄准 aircraft ［C］飞机；航空器 【拓展】 airport飞机场　airline航空公司；航线　airmail航空邮件 airplane飞机　airspace领空，空域 apology ［C］道歉 Please accept my apologies.请接受我的道歉。 【短语】 demand a public a