719时态和语态T.docVIP

动词的时态和语态一直是历年高考的必考点。主要考查考生在特定语境下对时态和语态的理解，其中现在完成时、一般过去时、过去完成时的运用出现得最为频繁。此外，为了增加试题的区分度，命题者还常常把动词的时态和语态以及主谓一致结合在一起考查。在解题时要注意以下几个问题：1.这个动作可能发生在什么时间？题干中可参照的时间信息有哪些？2.这个动作处于什么状态？是进行中，还是已结束?完成?？限制或修饰这个动作的状语信息有哪些？3.这个动作与主语的关系，是主动还是被动？只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题，试题的答案也就水落石出了。1. 动词的时态一共有16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下： ? 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般 ask / asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask 进行 am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking should/would be asking 完成 have/has asked had asked shall/will have asked should/would have asked 完成进行 have/has been asking had been asking shall/will have been asking should/would have been asking II. 动词的被动语态： ? 常用被动语态 构成 ? 常用被动语态 构成 1 一般现在时 am/is/are asked 6 过去进行时 was/were being asked 2 一般过去时 was/were asked 7 现在完成时 have/has been asked 3 一般将来时 shall/will be asked 8 过去完成时 had been asked 4 过去将来时 should/would be asked 9 将来完成时 will/would have been asked 5 现在进行时 am/is/are being asked 10 含有情态动词的 can/must/may be asked 注 ? 意 ? 事 ? 项 被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。 如： Trees should not be planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates. Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如： It is believed that…??????????? It is generally considered that…?????????? It is said that… It is well known that…???????? It must be pointed out that…????????????? It is supposed that… It is reported that…??????????? It must be admitted that…??????????????? It is hoped that… 下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如： The window wants/needs/requires repairing.????????? The book is worth reading twice. The door won’t shut. / The play won’t act.??????????? The clothes washes well. / The book sells well. The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold. 下面词或短语没有被动态： leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of,