人类活动对大坝的影响选读.doc

EFFECT OF ROCK MASSES SURROUNDING CONCRETE DAMS ON THEIR BEHAVIOR V. N. Durcheva UDC 624.042. 7:627.824.7 .012.4 It is known that the reliable operation of a dam depends on consideration of the engineering -geological characteristics of the rock foundation. Of 86 dams in which cracking led to failure or the need for repairs with emptying the reservoir, inelastic deformations of the foundations were the cause of such a state in 19 of them; 70% of the dams were arch, in which the role of the surrounding rock masses is especially substantial. The cause of inhomogeneity of the stress -strain state is usually related to a change in mechanical characteristics of the rocks, piping phenomena, nondesign stress field in the foundation, etc. Whereas hydraulic engineering studies rock masses from the standpoint of geomechanics, basic science examines the technogenic effect of hydro developments only from the standpoint of general global problems of physics of the earth Unfortunately, the results of long-term investigations of large movements of the ca吗ion slope of the Toktogul hydroelectric station are not demanded by hydraulic engineers, just as seismicity induced by the Chirkey reservoir is not correlated with the behavior of the concrete darn [1]. Concrete dams, being a technogenic factor changing the natural equilibrium of the canyon and at the same time being restrained by the canyon walls, begin to react to all processes occurring in the surrounding rocks. Excavation of the foundation pit, blasting, the weight from the dam being constructed and from the reservoir water, the hydrostatic load transmitted to the canyon walls, and the gradients of the head - all these new forces disturb the previous equilibrium state in the hierarchical structure of blocks and slabs of rocks and their adaptation begins to the changing conditions until the establishment of a new equilibrium state between the constant seasonally varying forces and stress strain state of the ca