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Chapter 13 Language Features 虞海芳 刘雯雯 More Technical Terms Academic papers are scientific professional, academic and creative. Such characteristics require that academic writing should employ more technical terms. 学术论文是对专业学科领域的调查实验或研究成果的表述，用词专业化，具有高度术语性。常常通过以下方法构成专业化词汇。 Accurate For academic writing, accuracy often refers to the general principle that the information presented must be true. The language we use in an essay should be pitched at he right level of complexity or technicality. Formal The scientific, professional and authentic characteristics of academic writing require the appropriate for academic writing be formal. 学术论文写作是对某一专业领域的某一问题进行说明的行文,要求文体庄重，用词规范、正式。作者必须清楚、明白、客观一致地表达自己的观点。因此，写作中常常要避免使用一些理语、 俗语、方言、口语化的表达法以及非正规的省略词语等。 Grammar features Grammar approaches for academic writing: Brevity Clarity 1.Nouns or noun phrases substitute verbs or verb phrases A) To learn English well is basically required for every student in China. B) A good command of English is the basic requirement for every student. The authors reject the conclusions of the ‘deficit’ models of behavior change, that pro-environmental behavior can be achieved by simply improving awareness of the problem. 2.-ing forms replace clauses 1) subjects of the main clause and the time clause are the same: Using –ings to link a cause and effect 2) subjects are different: Use “on” to introduce a time –ing form Encouraging people to holiday in the UK may have considerable effects on congestion in tourism destinations already busy with tourists with UK. 3)Using –ings to link a cause and effect a)The gas expands suddenly. b)This drives the piston down the cylinder. c)The gas expands suddenly, driving the piston down the cylinder. 3.-ed forms replace attributive clauses with passive voice A) supplies of rubber which is obtained from rubber trees were not sufficient for the needs of industry. B) supplies of rubber obtained from rubber trees were not sufficient for the industry needs. 4.Inf