unit7database71AnOverviewofaDatabaseSystem.docVIP

Unit 7 Database7.1 An Overview of a Database System数据库系统概述?? Let us consider an enterprise, such as an airline, that has a large amount of data kept for long periods of time in a computer.我们考虑航空公司这样的企业，它有大量的数据长时间保存在计算机中。This data might include information about passengers, flights, aircraft, and personnel, for example.这些数据，可能包括乘客、航班、飞机与乘务组人员的信息。Typical relationhips that might be represented include bookings (which passengers have seats on which flights?) flight crews (who is to be the pilot, copilot, etc., on which flights?), and service records (when and by whom was each aircraft last serviced?).booking 预订?? flight crew 机组人员??? pilot 驾驶员?? copilot 副驾驶员关系包括订票（哪些乘客在那些航班上订有座位？）、航班乘务组（在哪些航班上谁是驾驶员，谁是副驾驶员，等等），以及服务记录（每架飞机最后是何时由谁服务？）。?? Data, such as the above, that is stored more-or-less permanently in a computer we term a database.term 把...叫做我们把上述那样的不同程度地长久存储在计算机中的数据称为数据库。? The software that allows one or many persons to use and/or modify this data is a database management system (DBMS).使一个或许多人能使用和/或修改这些数据的软件是数据库管理系统（DBMS）。The primary goal of a DBMS is to provide an environment that is both convenient and efficient to use in retrieving information from and storing information into the database.retrieving 检索DBMS的主要目标是提供这样的环境，既方便从数据库中检索信息把信息存储数据库中 Data Abstraction 数据抽象?? It should be obvious that between the computer, dealing with bits, and the ultimate user dealing with abstracions(activities) such as flights or assignment of personnel to aircraft, where will be many levels of abstraction.显然，在处理二进位的计算机处理航班或分派乘务组人员这样的最终用户之间将存在很多层抽象。A fairly standard viewpoint regarding levels of abstraction is shown in Figure 7-1.airly：相当,简直,清楚地有关抽象层的标准的观点如图7-1所示。There we see a single database, which may be one of many databases using the s DBMS software, at three different levels of abstraction.在那里我们看到3个不同抽象层的单个数据库，它可能是使用同一个DBMS软件的很多个数据库中的一个数据库。 The lowest level, i.e., the physical level has the data stored on hardware devices.最低层，即物理层，把数据存储在硬件设备上。User programs cannot