E导体与电介质培训讲义.ppt

* * §1 Conductors in the Electrostatic Field §2 Dielectrics and Polarization in the Electric Field §3 Capacitance and Capacitor §4 The Energy of Electric field Chapter 6 Conductors and Dielectrics in the Electrostatic Field §5 Application 1 Electrostatic Equilibrium In electric conditions all the free electron are at rest 2 Conditions of Electrostatic Equilibrium The electric field is zero inside a conductor Proving 1 No tangential component can exist a b － － － + + Proving 2 §1 Conductors in the Electrostatic Field Corollary 1 The conducing surface is an equipotential surface, and all points in the interior are at the same potential as the surface Corollary 2 The field at the surface of the conductor (and just outside) is perpendicular to the surface 3 Distribution of Charge a) All of the charges is on the surface of the conductor Prove： b) The electric field on the surface of a conductor s Note: The field at the surface of the conductor (and just outside) c) Distribution of Charge of Spherical Conductor Restricting factors： the electric field is zero inside a conductor. E=0 q Conductor shell（腔） (1) No charge in a conductor shell a The electric field is zero inside inside conductor and shell 导体内、空腔内场强皆为零； b The conductor and shell are equipotential 导体、空腔为等势体； c The charge must lie on the surface 内表面处处没有电荷，电荷只分布在外表面. (2) A charge q in a conductor shell On the inner surface of the shell the charge is - q. On the outer surface of the shell the charge is q. It is determined by Gauss’s law. 5 Electrostatic Screening 静电屏蔽 Electrostatic Screening: Insulating the influence of electric field using conductor shell No matter the change of charge A the force on B charge always is zero. A电荷变化,B电荷受力总是为零。 The charge inside shell can be shielded 壳可以屏蔽内部 If the charge B is changed, the force on the charge A is changed too. B电荷变化，A电荷受力会变化。 The charge A outside shell can not be shielded 壳不能屏蔽外边电荷A 。A 。