第一章蛋白质的结构层次1.ppt

Proteins – biopolymers (called polypeptides) of L-amino acids. 2. joined via peptide bonds. 3. Only L-amino acids (rare D-form) 4. Different proteins have different sequences The primary sequence determines the 3-D structure 3, peptide bond Peptide bonds form in the process of translation when the α-amino group of one amino acid residue forms a covalent bond with the α -carboxyl group of another amino acid residue. * 第一章： 蛋白质的结构层次 1.1 20种氨基酸的结构和性质 1.2 蛋白质中的一级结构 1） amino acids: structure and property 2） peptide bond 3,）protein sequencing and sequence analysis 第一章： 蛋白质的结构层次 Useful websites: 1, The ExPASy (Expert Protein Analysis System): / 2, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) / Pubmed, Entrez, Blast, … 3, IMB-Jena Amino Acid Repository: http://www.imb-jena.de/IMAGE_AA.html The four levels of protein structure. PeptideCutter /tools/peptidecutter/ 1, amino acids: structure and property The first to be discovered was asparagine in 1806, The Last of the 20 to be found was threonine in 1938. 甲硫氨酸、蛋氨酸 Methionine Met M 亮氨酸 Leucine Leu L 赖氨酸 Lysine Lys K 异亮氨酸 Isoleucine Ile I 组氨酸 Histidine His H 甘氨酸 Glycine Gly G 苯丙氨酸 Phenylalanine Phe F 谷氨酸 Glutamic acid Glu E 天冬氨酸 Aspartic acid Asp D 半胱氨酸 Cysteine Cys C 丙氨酸 Alanine Ala A Glu or Gln Glx Z Asp or Asn Asx B 酪氨酸 Tyrosine Tyr Y 色氨酸 Tryptophan Trp W 缬氨酸 Valine Val V 苏氨酸 Threonine Thr T 丝氨酸 Serine Ser S 精氨酸 Arginine Arg R 谷氨酰氨 Glutamine Gln Q 脯氨酸 Proline Pro P 天冬酰氨 Asparagine Asn N X: undetermined amino acid Stereoisomers of α-amino acids Non-Essential Amino Acids in Mammals Alanine, Asparagine, Aspartate, Cysteine, Glutamate, Glutamine, Glycine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine Essential Amino Acids in Mammals Arginine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine 10 amino acids should be provided in the diet (essential) 脂肪族氨基酸：G, A, V, L, I Stabilize protein structure by hydrophobic interaction Glycine has the simplest structure