Lecture Capacitance Chp 培训讲义.pptVIP

Summer July 2004 Lecture 5 Capacitance Chp. 26 Capacitance Definition of capacitance A capacitor is a useful device in electrical circuits that allows us to store charge and electrical energy in a controllable way. The simplest to understand consists of two parallel conducting plates of area A separated by a narrow air gap d. If charge +Q is placed on one plate, and -Q on the other, the potential difference between them is V, and then the capacitance is defined as C=Q/V. The SI unit is C/V, which is called the Farad, named after the famous and creative scientist Michael Faraday from the early 1800’s. Applications Radio tuner circuit uses variable capacitor Blocks DC voltages in ac circuits Act as switches in computer circuits Triggers the flash bulb in a camera Converts AC to DC in a filter circuit Parallel Plate Capacitor Electric Field of Parallel Plate Capacitor Demo Continued Demonstrate As S increases, voltage increases. 2. As S increases, capacitance decreases. 3. As S increases, E0 and q are constant. Dielectrics A dielectric is any material that is not a conductor, but polarizes well. Even though they don’t conduct they are electrically active. Examples. Stressed plastic or piezo-electric crystal will produce a spark. When you put a dielectric in a uniform electric field (like in between the plates of a capacitor), a dipole moment is induced on the molecules throughout the volume. This produces a volume polarization that is just the sum of the effects of all the dipole moments. If we put it in between the plates of a capacitor, the surface charge densities due to the dipoles act to reduce the electric field in the capacitor. Dielectrics The amount that the field is reduced defines the dielectric constant ? from the formula E = E0 / ?, where E is the new field and E0 is the old field without he dielectric. Since the electric field is reduced and hence the voltage difference is reduced (since E = Vd), the capacitance is increased. C