工程力学专业英语阅读.ppt

Some Important Words Fracture 断裂 Elastic deformation 弹性变形 External force 外力 Internal force 内力 Microscopic 微观 Atomic level 原子水平 Magnitude 幅值 Force 力 Permanent deformation 永久变形 Some Important Words Macroscopic 宏观 microscopic 微观 Coupling 耦合 Microstructure 微观结构 Bulk properties 整体性质 Some Important Words Normalize 归一化 Tensile modulus 拉伸模量；Young’s modulus 杨氏模量 Tensile test 拉伸实验 Stiff 硬；stiffness 硬度 crystalline solid 晶体 Inorganic glass 无机玻璃 noncrystalline polymers 非晶态聚合物 Stretching / compression / distortion 拉伸 / 压缩 / 扭曲 Atomic bonds 原子键 Some Important Words Shear stress 剪切应力 Shear strain 剪切应变 Relative displacement 相对位移 Position 位置 Some Important Words Viscoelasticity 粘弹性 Single-value function 单值函数 Loading/unloading 加载/缷载 Strain rate 应变率 Linear elastic 线弹性 Some Important Words Whisker 须晶 Elastomer 高弹性体，人造橡胶 Rubber 橡胶 Section 1.3 Permanent Deformation A material’s response to uniaxial loading is assessed most often by means of a tension test. Force is measured with a load cell (often a calibrated, stiff spring); extension is measured by extensometer. Some materials (brittle ones) manifest only macroscopic elastic deformation up to the stress at which they fracture. Examples include inorganic glasses, polycrystalline ceramics at room temperature, and some metals and their alloys at low temperatures. Most metals at ordinary temperatures, and many ceramics at high temperatures, deform permanently before fracture. * s o y k e elastic yield work harden necking T.S. Some Important Words Load cell 测压元件 Calibrate 标定 Extensometer 变形测定器; 张量计 Brittle 脆性 Polycrystalline 多晶材料 Metals and alloys 金属及合金 Some Important Words Extension 伸长 external force 外力 Cross-sectional area 横截面积 Normal 法向，normal to垂直, perpendicular Parallel 平行 Section 1.3 Permanent Deformation * s o y k e elastic yield work harden necking T.S. Some Important Words Work hardening 应变强化 True stress 真实应力 Engineering stress 工程应力 Engineering strain by definition is overestimated. True strain is based