SocialWelfare培训教程文件.pptVIP

Components of British Welfare System Social Security Health Housing Education Welfare and children (“personal social services”) Social Security Social insurance Benefits or services received after paying contribution to an insurance scheme, such as retirement pension, disability insurance, unemployment insurance, and etc. State pension Nearly 50% government spending. Men over 65 and women over 60. Paid full-rate National Insurance contributions when working. How much a pensioner receive depends on his contribution history. Income maintenance Distribution of cash when employment interrupted. Most important benefit. The applicable amount. Premiums. Housing costs Services Services provided by administrations responsible for social security, including Jobseeker’s Allowance, Child Benefit, sickness benefit, widow’s pension, and etc. Over ? receive social security benefits of certain kind. Social security system, the biggest item on the national budget. Health Hospital care Full range of medical specialties or long-stay care Primary care basic medical treatment and non-hospital care. Public health preventive aspects of health such as vaccination and health education. NHS (National Health Service) Almost all services are free. Publicly funded. Provided on need instead of the ability. Single biggest employer and costs about 100 billion pounds a year. Sources 80% is out of general taxation National Insurance contributions Charges on certain medicines Principles of NHS Right to welfare. Comprehensiveness. Free service at the point of delivery. Provided Services Primary care through GP, dentists, opticians and pharmacists. Hospital care through specialists, district general hospitals. 70%expenditure goes to hospitals. Complaints Poor standards Bureaucracy Long waiting list Long waiting time in accident and emergency department Reform on NHS Spending