线性代数第六章第二节二次型化为标准型的三种方法.pptVIP

拉格朗日配方法的具体步骤 是n-1元二次型或零多项式。由归纳假设，存在非退化线性变换 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. * * Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 用可逆（或正交）变换化二次型为标准形 目标： 问题转化为： Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 定理 3 对任意n元实二次型 f（x1,x2，…,xn)=XTAX( A 为 n 阶对称矩阵)，则必有正交矩阵 P ,使 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 正交变换的特征是保持向量的长度不变． 定义　若　为正交矩阵，则线性变换 　　　称为正交变换． 在几何中将二次曲线或曲面的方程化为标准型方程时，如果 要求保持图形的几何性质（如保持图形的形状不变）,就要使用 正交变换等方法。 次型，使变换保持尺度不变。 在统计等方面的应用中，也常常使用正交变换的方法处理二 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 用正交变换化二次型为标准形的具体步骤 与上一章化相似标准型的做法基本一致，也可以作组内正交化 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 例1 求一个正交变换x=Ty,把二次型 化为标准形,并指出方程f =1表示何种二次曲面. 用正交变换将二次型化为标准形的方法 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with As