新编简明英语语言学 Chapter 8 Language and society.doc

Chapter 8 Language and society语言和社会 知识点： *Definition: sociolinguistics; regional dialect; sociolect; idiolect; Received Pronunciation Relatedness between language and society *Varieties of language *Halliday’s register theory Degree of formality Standard Dialect # Pidgin and Creole *#Bilingualism vs. diglossia 考核目标： 识记：*Definition: sociolinguistics; regional dialect; sociolect; idiolect; Received Pronunciation 领会：Relatedness between language and society; Varieties of language; Degree of formality; Degree of formality; Standard Dialect; Pidgin and Creole 简单应用：Bilingualism vs. diglossia 综合应用：Halliday’s register theory 一、定义 1.Sociolinguistics 社会语言学: is s the sub-field of linguistics that studies relation between language and society, between the ues of language and the social structures in which the users of lamguage live. 社会语言学是语言学中的一个次领域，它研究语言与社会的关系，以及语言的运用和语言使用者所在的社会结构之间的关系。 2.regional dialect地域方言：is a linguistic variety used by people living in the same geographical region.地域方言是指生活在同一地理区域的人所使用的语言变体。 3.sociolect社会方言：has to do with separation brough about by different social comditions.社会方言是与由不同社会条件所造成的分离相关的。 4.idiolect个人方言：is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations.个人方言是个体言者的个人方言，它结合了又关地域、社会、性别和年龄的变体成分。 5.received pronunciation（RP）标准发音: in British English, which had become characteristic of upper class speech throughout the country by the 19th century. 在十九世纪成为全国上层阶级的特点。 二、知识点 8.1 the scope of sociolinguistics社会与语言学的范畴 8.1.1 the relatedness between language and society语言和社会的相关性 There are many indications of the inter-relationshio between language and society.语言和社会之间的相互关系有许多种表现形式： 1）One of them is that while language is principally used to communicate meaning ,it’s also used to establish and maintain social relationships.语言主要用来传达意义的同时，也用来确立和保持社会关系。(e.g.“Good morning！ Hi! Hows your family? Nice day today,isn’t it?这些话语的运用之中”) 2）User of the same language in a sense all