新编简明英语语言学 Chapter 11 Second language acquisition.doc

Chapter 11 Second language acquisition第二语言习得 知识点： *Definition: second language acquisition; overgeneralization; interlanguage Connections between first and second language acquisition Contrastive analysis *Error analysis Characteristics of interlanguage *Krashen’s Input Hypothesis Individual Differences in second language acquisition: language aptitude; motivation; #learning strategies 考核目标： 识记：Definition: second language acquisition; overgeneralization; interlanguage 领会：Connections between first and second language acquisition; Contrastive analysis; Error analysis; Characteristics of interlanguage; Individual Differences in second language acquisition 简单应用：Krashen’s Input Hypothesis 定义 1. Second Language Acquisition(SLA)第二语言习得：refers to the systematic study of how one person acquires a second language subsequent to his native language. 指一个人在习得其母语之后是如何习得一门第二语言系统的研究。 2.over generalization过度概括: the use of previously available strategies in new situations. 将以前适用的策略运用于新的场合。 3. interlanguage中介语： learners’ independent system of the second language which is of neither the native language nor the second language, but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the target language. 它既不是本族语，也不是第二语言，而是一个处于本族语和目的语之间的连续体或临界体。 知识点 11.2 Connections between first language acquisition and second language acquisition第一语言习得与第二语言习得之间的联系 1. While the L1 is acquired subcon sciously, the L2 or FL is more commonly learned consciously. 2. In acquiring their L1 children always concentrate on meaning. The L2 learners concentrate on code structure. 3. One learners his directly from reality. The L2 is learnt in manageable sequence 4. In L1 a children apply the rules subconsciously while the L2 learners, after a period of training are able to verbalize the rules. Interlanguage(IL)语言石化现象：中介语fossilization的主要特征之一(指错误或不地道的表达) 11.3Contrastive analysis (CA)对比分析 (1960s) native language本族语被认为是造成在学习第二语言或外语中缺乏成功的主要原因，人们在迁移和负迁移之间做出了区分： Positive transfer迁移----facilitate target la