语音、构词fa分析报告.docVIP

语音、词法 第一篇 语音知识 有关语音的概念 1. 字母：语言的书写形式。英语中的元音字母是a, e, i, o, u。 2. 音标：词的语音形式。 3. 音素：音的最小单位。英语中有48个音素。 4. 音节：由元音和辅音组成的发音单位。如stu·dy, tea·cher, un·der·stand。 5. 元音：发音响亮；气流从口腔或鼻腔出来时不受任何阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语 中有20个元音（长元音5个，短元音7个，双元音8个）。 6. 辅音：发音不响亮；气流从口腔或鼻腔出来时受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语 中有28个辅音。（清辅音11个，浊辅音15个，半元音2个） 7. 开音节： 1）相对开音节：辅音+元音（r除外）+默音e。如cake, home。 2）绝对开音节：辅音+元音。如no, he。 8. 闭音节： 1）辅音+元音+辅音。如dad, sit, not, bus。 2）元音+辅音。如is, on, up。 9. 重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。 48个音标： 元音 12个单元音 长元音 /i:/ /?:/ /?:/ /u:/ /ɑ:/ 短元音 /?/ /?/ /?/ /u/ /?/ /e/ /?/ 8个双元音 /e?/ /a?/ /??/ /?u/ /au/ /??/ /ε?/ /u?/ 辅音 10对 轻辅音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /?/ /t?/ /ts/ /tr/ 浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /z/ /e/ /?/ /d?/ /dz/ /dr/ 3个鼻音 /m/ /n/ /?/ 3个似拼音 /h/ /r/ /l/ 2个半元音 /w/ /j/ 三、相关音标词汇（摘自新概念一） /i:/ bean, beef, believe, between, east, employee, green, meat, meet, cheap, cheese, clean, dream, easy, eat, feel, Greece, greet, immediately, keep, keep, key, lean, least, leave, meal, mean, measles, need, overseas, pea, me, peach, people, piece, please, see, season, sleep, Sweden, sweep, sweet, tea, teacher, teeth, thief--thieves, tree, weekend, steal, steel 发/i:/字母组合最常见的字母组合有ee, ea, ie, ey, 也有少部分e /?/ ability, assistant, belong, biscuit, Brazil, building, busy, cinema, chicken, city, December, describe, difficult, dinner, dish, Egypt, electric, enough, exam, excuse, give, expensive, give, film, hill, his, intelligent, interesting, Italy, Italian, kitten, lift, limit, list, listen, litter, little, live, living room, picture, pity, pretty, ticket, mechanic, middle, milkman, mince, minute, miss, quickly, sister, slip, still, Sunday, swim, Sydney, till, tin, trip, village, win, winner, winter, zip i, y, e不重读时，ui偶尔会发，u有时发这个音，个别情况下a也发此音 /?:/ Berlin, bird, certainly, church, dirty, early, German, girl, her, hurt, nurse, person, return, serve, skirt, shirt, sir, Turkey, turn, urgent, work, world, worse, worst, worth er, ir, ur, or, ear不在词尾时发此音 /?/ across, ago, along, asle