Democracy Develops in England Murrieta Valley 民主的发展在英格兰穆列塔谷.pptVIP

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Democracy Develops in England Murrieta Valley 民主的发展在英格兰穆列塔谷.ppt

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Democracy Develops in England Prologue Sec 3 I. Reforms in Medieval England A. William (France) the Conqueror 1. Conquers Great Britain 1066. Battle of Hastings. 2. End of Feudalism 3. Political and economic structures of the Middle Ages 4. Development of Democracy King Henry II 1154-1189 1.Descendent of William 2. Developed Juries (12 men) – Did not decide guilt/innocence. Gave Facts about the case 3. Developed Common Law - Unified system of laws for England C. Magna Carta (1215) 63 clauses 1. King John raises taxes to pay for unpopular war with France 2. English nobles force King John to sign Magna Carta (Pg 19) 3. Monarchs had no right to rule however they wanted to. Must Follow Law (Due Process of Law) II. Parliament Grows Stronger A. Parliament was created in 1295 by John’s grandson, Edward I. Parliament Had “Power of the Purse”. Why was this Important? Challenged Divine right of Kings – Monarchs are chosen by god and are only responsible to god C. James I (Stuart) of Scotland takes over after Elizabeth I (Tudor) dies with no heir. What problems does this create? D. Son Charles takes over in 1625. Needs money for war. Has to get permission from parliament. 1640. Executed in 1649. D. English Civil War breaks out in 1642 (Royalists pro –monarchy v. anti-royalists) III. Establishment of Constitutional Monarchy A. Anti-Royalists win and Oliver Cromwell Controls Government B. Parliament moves too slowly for Cromwell C. He becomes a Tyrant, dissolves Parliament and the English are happy about his death in 1698 (fever) D. Restoration 1. Monarchy is brought back in 1660 (Charles I son, Charles II takes throne) 2. New Parliament is brought back with same powers that had been won 3. Charles II dies in 1685. Brother James II becomes king. He is a catholic. E. Glorious Revolution 1. King James II is next in line to rule, but he is catholic and Parliament does not want that 2. Parliament convinces William and Mary to become ruler (William of Orange wa