形容词和副词.doc

形容词和副词 形容词（adjective） 什么是形容词：形容词是用来修饰名词，表示名词属性，一般放在它所修饰的名词之前. e.g. a useful book the beautiful picture 形容词的分类：形容词可以分为单词形容词和复合形容词，中心形容词和外围形容词，动态形容词和静态形容词，等级形容词和非等级形容词（259）。 形容词在句中的作用： 作定语（used as attribute） 有些形容词只能作定语。常见的有：sleeping, like/similar, living/live, shameful(用于事或行为), conscious(用于事)/deliberate, lonely（兼作表语）, waking, elder, sick, frightened(兼作表语)等。 He is a good cook. The people have boundless creative power. I lived a lonely life in the countryside. My elder sister is three years older than I.( older作表语) We hope to see an advanced, strong and prosperous China emerge in the world. 作表语 (used as predicative) This book will be most useful to you. The acting was superb. Don’t feel bad. Everything will be all right. 【注】大多数形容词即可作定语又可作表语等。但有少数形容词只能作表语，不能作定语，如alone, afraid, alike, alert（警觉的）, aware, alive（活着的，有活力的）, ashamed, content（满意的）, unable, asleep, awake, older, ill等等。 （常见的系动词有seem, look, appear, sound, taste, feel, smell, stay, remain, keep, grow, turn, go, run, get, prove, stand, lie, rise, sit等） They are much alike in appearance. The dog is asleep. In that part of America the natives(当地人) go naked（赤身裸体） all the year round. 作宾语补足语 (used as objective complement) They found the book quite instructive. We keep our rooms clean and tidy. Who left the door open? 作状语 (used as adverbial ) 形容词用作状语的时候较多，在很多情况下引起一个短语作状语。 Curious, we looked around for other guests. (由于好奇，我们向四面看看还有什么别的客人。) Unable to find words to express themselves, they silently grasped our hands. (由于找不到话来表达自己的感情，他们默默地握住了我们的手。) He spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry. Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road. Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all.(独立成分作状语) 相当于名词（used as nouns） 某些形容词前用定冠词the，变成名词化的形容词，可在句中作主语，宾语等。 He has a keen sense of the new.他对新鲜事物有敏锐的感觉 In America education is only for the rich. (上两例中，the new =the new things新鲜事物, the rich=the rich people 富人，其他的例子the young 年轻人，the blind盲人， the old老年人等。) 形容词的位置： 形容词一般须放在它所修