EMBA 225 Week 1The Individual Attitudes, Values and Mot.ppt

What are attitudes? Types of Attitudes Types of Attitudes, cont’d Expressing Dissatisfaction Types of Values What Is Motivation?  Performance = f(A x M x O) Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Maslow) Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Reinforcement Positive reinforcement Providing a reward for a desired behavior Negative reinforcement Removing an unpleasant consequence when the desired behavior occurs *Punishment Applying an undesirable condition to eliminate an undesirable behavior *(NOTE: THIS IS NOT THE SAME AS NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT) Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory Separate Constructs Hygiene Factors—Extrinsic and Related to Dissatisfaction Motivation Factors—Intrinsic and Related to Satisfaction What Is MBO? Cascading of Objectives Equity Theory Choices For Dealing With Inequity Equity and Justice Job Design and Scheduling Alternative Work Arrangements Example of a Flextime Schedule Alternative Work Arrangements, cont. Telecommuting Advantages Larger labor pool Higher productivity Less turnover Improved morale Reduced office-space costs Disadvantages (Employer) Less direct supervision of employees Difficult to coordinate teamwork Difficult to evaluate non-quantitative performance What Is Employee Involvement (EI)? Linking EI Programs and Motivation Theories Rewarding Employees: Four Aspects Rewarding Employees: Variable Pay Programs Variable Pay Programs (cont’d) Rewarding Employees Skill-based Pay Plans Linking Skill-based Plans and Motivation Theories Flexible Benefits Employee Recognition Programs Intrinsic rewards: Stimulate Intrinsic Motivation Personal attention given to employee Approval and appreciation for a job well done Growing in popularity and usage Benefits of Programs Fulfill employees’ desire for recognition ***Inexpensive to implement *** Encourages repetition of desired behaviors Drawbacks of Programs Susceptible to manipulation by management You HAVE to be sincere and make it open to all Pay levels are based on how many skills employees