化工工艺设计CLP.docxVIP

目录一、方案简介································································2方案论证································································2确定设计方案·····························································3确定物性数据·····························································3计算总传热系数···························································4计算传热面积·····························································5工艺结构尺寸·····························································5换热器核算·······························································8设计结果一览表··························································11工艺流程图······························································13附图（带控制点的工艺流程图）（详情参见图纸）······························14一、方案简介本设计任务是精馏塔塔顶进行二级冷却，循环冷却水冷却热水，热水流量为3000 kg/h，从120℃冷却到20℃，冷却水入口温度30℃，出口温度40℃。设计原则满足工艺和操作要求设计出来的流程和设备首先要保证质量，操作稳定，这就必须配置必要的阀门和计量仪表等，并自确定方案时，考虑到各种流体的流量、温度和压强变化使采取什么措施来调节，而在设备发生故障时，加修应方便。满足经济上的要求在确定某些操作指标和选定设备型式以及仪表配置时，要有经济核算的观点，既能满足工艺和操作要求，又使施工简便，材料来源简易，造价低廉。如果有废热可以利用，要尽量节省热能，充分利用，或者采取适当的措施达到降低成本的目的。保证安全生产在工艺流程和操作中若有爆炸、燃烧、中毒、烫伤、等危险性，就要考虑必要的安全措施。又如设备的材料强度的演算，除按规定应有一定的安全系数外，还应考虑防止由于设备中压力突然升高或者造成真空而需要装置安全阀等。二、方案论证确定设计方案选择换热器两流体温度变化情况：热流体进口温度120℃，出口温度20℃；冷流体（循环水）进口温度30℃，出口温度40℃。该换热器用循环冷却水冷却，冬季操作时进口温度会降低，考虑到这一因素，估计该换热器的管壁温和壳体壁温之差较大，因此初步确定选用带膨胀节的固定管板式换热器。下图是工业生产中用到的列管式换热器。流动空间及流速的确定由于循环冷却水在换热升温的过程中，本来不好溶解的硫酸钙(CaSO4,石膏就是含结晶水的硫酸钙）沉淀下来；原来溶解的碳酸氢钙(Ca(HCO3)2）和碳酸氢镁（Mg(HCO3)2)，在热水里分解，放出二氧化碳(CO2)，变成难溶解的碳酸钙(CaCO3)和氢氧化镁(Mg(OH)2)也沉淀下来。这样就形成了水垢，为了便于水垢清洗，应使循环水走管程，热水走壳程。再者，被冷却的热水走壳程，也便于散热，增强冷却效果。选用252.5的碳钢管，管内流速=0.5m/s。确定物性数据定性温度：可取流体进出口温度的平均值。壳程热水的定性温度为 T=（120+20）/2=70（）管程流体的定性温度为t=（30+40）/2=35（）根据定性温度，分别查取壳程和管程流体的有关物性数据。水在70℃下的有关物性数据如下：密度=977.8kg/m3定压比热容=4.187kJ/（kg·）导热系数=0.668W/（m·）粘度=0.000406Pa·s循环冷却水在35℃下的有关物性数据如下：密度=994kg/m3定压比热容=4.08kJ/（kg·）导热系数=0.626W/（m·）粘度=0.000725Pa·s计算总传热系数热流量==3000×4.187×（120-20）=1.25×106kJ/h=348.2kW平均传热温差===39（）冷却水用量===30721（kg/h）总传热系数K==13670=0.023=0.023=2731W/（）壳程传热系数假设壳程的传热系数=290W/（）污垢热阻=0.000344=0.000344管壁的导热系数=45w/（m）K==