09-3古希腊的善与真理清华大学韦正翔教授制作幻灯片.pptVIP

Company Logo We pursue power, physical pleasure, and property, which are the symbols of success and happiness, confusing these with the true ground of happiness. Ignorance consists in not knowing that certain behavior cannot produce happiness. Harmony brings happiness and moral values can bring harmony.He set the direction that moral philosophy would take throughout the history of Western civilization. 我们追求权力、物质享受和财富这些成功和幸福的标志，混淆了获得幸福的真正的基础。和谐带来幸福而道德价值带来和谐。他的道德哲学在整个西方文明中起到了导向的作用。 Company Logo 关于苏格拉底被审及其死亡：苏格拉底在人们的不规则的行为中寻找稳定一致的道德秩序的做法让人感到啼笑皆非，许多雅典人认为不应该再做这样的讨论。在雅典的经济和军事力量强大的时候，他还能像牛蝇一样存在着而不受惩罚，而当危机和失败来临之时，情况就不一样了。在雅典与斯巴达作战时，他教授上层家族的子弟辩证法就被看成是件危险的事了。 Company Logo Socrates’ Trial and Death: Socrates’ relentless quest for the stable and constant moral order underlying people’s fitful behavior proved alternately irritating and amusing, many Athenians believed that discussion should be closed. But he could do without penalty when the economic and military position of Athens was strong as a gadfly, he could no longer do in the days of crisis and defeat. His efforts to develop dialectical skill among young men from leading families were not considered a clear and present danger until Athens was at war with Sparta. Company Logo 在公元前400/399年，苏格拉底被告上法庭，理由是他不崇拜国家之神，而是引介新的和雅典人不熟悉的宗教实践；他败坏了年轻人。原告要求判处他死刑。那时他可以去流亡，但是他选择在雅典的有五百人组成的陪审团参加的法庭前为自己辩护。他的辩护是才气横溢和有力的。 Company Logo In 400/399 B.C., Socrates was brought to trial on the charge of not worshipping the gods whom the state worships, but introducing new and unfamiliar religious practices; and of corrupting the young. The prosecutor demanded the death penalty. Socrates could have gone into voluntary exile. Instead, he remained in Athens and defended himself before a court whose jury numbered five hundred. His defense was brilliant and powerful. Company Logo 他把自己与奥林匹克运动会的获奖者进行比较，说到“这样的人只是使你看上去似乎幸福，而我则使你真正地幸福”。他的傲慢冒犯了陪审团，他被判处死刑。苏格拉底的朋友一直在想法让他逃跑，但是他不接受。他坚信如果他逃跑了，就会伤害雅典及其法律程序，而法律程序是没有错的。他喝完毒酒，身体已经开始变凉时，他最后说的话是“我欠阿斯里皮思一只鸡，不要忘了还...