地理信息系统论文基于遥感和GIS的泸定县生态地质环境质量评价.doc

地理信息系统论文：基于遥感和GIS的泸定县生态地质环境质量评价 【中文摘要】泸定县地处川西高原与四川盆地过渡地带,属于高山峡谷地貌,生态环境脆弱,一旦破坏将很难恢复。区内主要以发展农业、林业、牧业为主,近年来由于人为的过度农垦、砍伐及放牧,使得研究区地质灾害频发,因此进行生态地质环境评价,将为农业、林业和土地资源的合理开发利用提供科学决策依据。本文以地理信息系统技术作为管理地质环境空间数据和空间分析的手段,利用遥感数据提取相关生态环境信息,应用地理学、地质学、生态学等多学科知识,结合生态地质环境评价理论和方法进行评价,取得研究成果包括：(1)通过对研究区地形地貌数据、水文数据、降水数据、地层岩性、地质构造数据、地质灾害、土壤数据及ETM遥感影像等多源数据的分析并通过地理信息系统技术将其统一到同一坐标系下,在此基础上提取高程、坡度、流域分布及土壤等环境信息。(2)在分析泸定县地质环境概况的基础上,揭示出泸定县主要的生态环境地质问题,并对地质灾害、水土流失、地震活动等地质环境问题及其产生的环境效应进行分析,并在此基础上进行生态地质环境的现状评价。(3)运用生态地质环境评价的基本原理,借鉴前人在生态地质环境评级的成功经验,结合泸定县生态地质环境实际情况,将泸定县生态地质环境类型分为农业生态地质环境和森林生态地质环境,优选出评价因子,分别建立相对应的评价指标体系,运用层次分析法计算两种生态地质环境的指标因子权重,建立模糊综合判别模型,分区进行定量评价。(4)根据生态地质环境定量评价结果,结合沪定县地形地貌、气候分异特征及农业经济活动的分布特征,相应划定评价亚区,并对各个亚区进行生态地质环境质量的综合评价。 【英文摘要】LuDing County, which is located in the transition zone between western Sichuan plateau and Sichuan Basin, belongs to high canyon landscape. And it mainly develops agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry. In the recent years, geological disasters have occurred very often because of over-agricultural reclamation, over cut and herding. So the ecological environment becomes so weak that it will be very hard to recover if it is destroyed. At present, the geological environment evaluation will be the basis of making scientific decision on exploiting agriculture,forestry and land-resource.First, the thesis regards GIS as a method to manage environmental geology space database and Spatial Analysis. Second, it picks up some environmental data by using remote sensing data. Thirdly, it uses multidisciplinary knowledge, such as geography, geology and ecology and combines evaluation theory and method of Ecological and geological environment to evaluate. The achievements obtained are below:(1) Basing on analyzing multi data of topography, hydrology, geological structure and precipitation, formation litho logy as well as geological disasters, soil and ETM remote sensing image, and unifying them under the same coordinate system by using GIS, geological environment informati