【金版学案】高考英语总复习 语法专题 第七讲 动词的时态与语态精练精析 新人教版.docVIP

第七讲　动词的时态与语态动词时态考点透析 1．十种常用的动词时态句子结构。(S＝主语， do＝ 动词原形， does＝动词第三人称单数，did＝过去式， doing＝现在分词， done＝过去分词) 一般现在时：S＋do/does＋...,一般过去时：S＋did＋...,现在进行时：S＋am/is/are doing...,过去进行时：S＋was/were doing...,一般将来时：S＋will/shall＋do...,过去将来时：S＋should/would＋do...,现在完成时：S＋have/has done...,过去完成时：S＋had done...,现在完成进行时：S＋have/has been doing...,过去完成进行时：S＋had been doing...2．在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中，一般现在时表示将来，这时主句要用一般将来时态。 (1)The volleyball match will be put off if it rains. 如果下雨的话，排球赛就会推迟。 (2)If city noises are not kept from increasing，people will have to shout to be heard 20 years from now on. 如果不阻止城市噪音增长的话，20年后人们就得大喊大叫才能让人听见。 3．一般现在时可表示主语具备的某种能力、某种性能。例如： (1)I play ping-pong quite well，but I havent had time to play since the new year.(“会打球”是主语具备的一种能力，不会短时间内消失，用现在时) (2)－Can I help you，sir? －Yes，I bought this radio here yesterday，but it doesnt_work.(doesnt work是主语的性能) 4．过去将来时和过去完成时都是相对过去时间而存在的时态，在答题时，一定要仔细揣摩上下文的时间关系。例如： (1)We were all surprised when he made it clear that he would_leave office soon. (2)－How long had_they_known each other before they got married? －For about a year. (3)Helen had_left her key in the office，so she had to wait until her husband came home. 5．leave，go，arrive，take，fly，start，begin，come等动词的现在时可表计划安排好的将来，它们的进行时也可以表示将来的动作。例如： (1)The train leaves at four oclock.Lets hurry. (2)Ive won a holiday for two weeks to Florida.I am_taking my mum together. 6．be going to表早就安排好的将来，或表根据某种迹象判断要发生的事情；will/shall表临时决定要做的动作；be to表按约定计划或按职责、义务将要发生的动作，强调主语的意志和决心；be about to表马上就要发生的动作，不能与表示将来的确切时间状语连用。 (1)－What are you going to do this evening? －Im going to see a film with my friend. (2)－Havent you known Mr.Wang is ill? －Really? Then Ill go to see him instead. (3)－How about seeing a film tomorrow? －Sorry，I cant.I am to take the driving test. 7．如果句中有so far，since，by now，in the last few years，till now，up to now等表示时间的短语，谓语动词只能用现在完成时。例如： (1)So far they have dug more than 100 wells to get enough drinking water. (2)I have been busy during the last few days. 8．句型“It is the first time...”，“This is the last time.