杏核活性炭及性能表征615.doc

西安建筑科技大学 本科毕业设计（论文） 题 目 杏核活性炭制备及性能表征 学生姓名 马永瑞 学 号 081020111 院（系） 理学院 专 业 应用化学 指导教师 张思敬 时 间 2012年 6 月 10 日 摘要 活性炭广泛应用于化工、医药、环保、食品加工等各个领域。其中果壳类活性炭因质量优异而受市场青睐，陕北吴起地区广泛种植杏林，目前，脱去杏仁的杏核或被废弃或作为农家燃料而燃烧，利用程度并不高，如能综合利用废弃杏核，实现资源综合利用，对于发展循环经济，促进当地经济可持续发展有十分重要的意义。 本论文以陕北吴起杏核为原料，用氢氧化钾活化法制备了杏核活性炭，实验研究了制备活性炭工艺过程中主要技术参数浸渍比、活化时间和活化温度对活性炭得率、活性炭碘值及亚甲基蓝吸附值的影响，确定了氢氧化钾活化法制备活性炭的较优工艺参数，并对在最优操作参数的条件下制备的活性炭进行了表征，并参照净水用活性炭国家标准（GB/T 13803.2-1999）对产品性能进行了评价，并和活性炭工业参数进行了对比，最后设计了吸附实验对产品性能进行了检验。 结果表明： 氢氧化钾活化法制备活性炭的较优工艺条件为：活化温度800℃；活化 时间120min；剂料比为2:1. 氢氧化钾活化法制备的活性炭碘值为998.0mg/g，比表面积为1057.8m2/g, 总孔容为1.81cm3/g. 3.产品活性炭质量符合净水用活性炭国家标准（GB/T13803.2-1999），可用于工业净水。 4.吸附试验表明，产品活性炭具有良好吸附性能。 关键词：活性炭， 活化， 氢氧化钾， 吸附，表征 Abstract Activated carbon is widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, environmental protection, food processing and etc. Among which nut shell activated carbon has obtained more attention for its high quality in the market, almond apricot is widely planted in WuQi region of Shaanxi province at present, however almond apricot nut is abandoned or burned as a peasant fuel, utilization degree is not satisfied so far, if wasted apricot nut is used to produce activated carbon, no doubt it is significant for comprehensive utilization of resources and development of circular economy as well as for promoting local economic sustainable development. This paper focuses on manufacturing of activated carbon using apricot nut originated in WuQi as raw material using potassium hydroxide as activation reagent. The experiments were carried out to optimize the parameters influencing the main specifications of activated carbon such as yield, iodine value and methylene blue adsorption value, these parameters include dipping ratio, activation time and activation temperature, and the product is characterized and evaluated referring to the national standard (GB/T 13803.2-1999) of activated carbon for water purification. The main results show as below: 1. The op