Argument题库谬误统计.docVIP

Argument题库谬误统计 ? 调查 ? 1, Selective sample:样本选择，一部分被排除在外 One major problem is about the sample the author studied in the survey. the author considers only...(selective sub-groups) although (the sub-groups the author studied) do constitute a significant part of (the whole general population), however, (many other sub-groups) are actually excluded from the survey. Perhaps...or...without ruling out all the possibilities above, the author could not make any general conclusion about...merely based on (selective sub-groups). 4，14，16，45，63，65，67，80，84，88，90，97，123，146，154，156，168，179，185，193，196，207，227，231，232，236，238，239 ? 2, Quantity of the sample样本数量 ( pointing out that the current sample is too small in its size)(the fact cited by the author) could hardly illustrate the assumption that... because the author provides only N samples of (the general population),however, (the limited sample) might not be representative of the whole general group. thus we cannot accept the author’s conclusion that...before he/she could provide more statistic data about (the situation of other sub-groups). 10，14，33，40，53，69，95，115，123，132，139，150，154，158，167，179，180，188，191，239 ? 3, Who conducted the survey:结果扭曲，调查者为了自己的利益 The reliability of the survey is also open to doubt due to the organization who conducted the survey. (the organization) has vested interest in the final decision/conclusion which was based on the result of the survey, and thus might distort the actual answers of the respondents. (the institution/individuals may benefit greatly from the result if the result was interpreted as was currently ) Thus, the author should cite a survey which is conducted by an independent institution to convince us that (the assumption). 115，156 ? 4, When was the survey conducted:时间变化 The effectiveness of the result of the survey cited by the author as main evidence is also open to doubt. The survey was conduct (during a special period, or a long time ago), thus may not reflect the current situat