Distributional and Efficiency Impacts of Gasoline Taxes An汽油税的分配和效率影响.pptVIP

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Distributional and Efficiency Impacts of Gasoline Taxes An汽油税的分配和效率影响.ppt

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Distributional and EfficiencyImpacts of Gasoline Taxes:An Econometrically BasedMulti-Market Study Julia Michaels Oral Presentation #1 Econ 539: Public Policy Analysis Article Citation Bento, Antonio M., Lawrence H. Goulder, Emeric Henry, Mark R. Jacobsen Roger H. von Haefen. 2005. “Distributional and Efficiency Impacts of Gasoline Taxes: An Econometrically Based Multi-Market Study.” American Economic Review, (95)2: 282-287. Accessed through J- Stor. *Cited using the style of the American Economic Review Research Question Several proposed strategies to discourage gasoline consumption: Heighten corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards, Subsidize the retirement of older vehicles, OR Increase the federal gasoline tax What would be the effects of a gasoline tax increase on efficiency and distribution? What Might We Expect? If we raise the gasoline tax People might try to reduce their gasoline expenditures by driving less Sales of fuel-inefficient cars might decrease Sales of fuel-efficient cars might increase Low-income households, or households with children, might suffer disproportionately vis-a-vis wealthier households Methods... Authors use “an econometrically based multi-market simulation model” (p. 282) Examines impacts of the policy on both the aggregate level and across households Although the gasoline tax affects demand, it also affects vehicle choice; this estimation approach takes into account both effects. Examined the estimated effects of a $0.10, $0.30, and $0.50 tax increase Conditional Utility Function Assuming that households are rational and choose to maximize utility, household automobile choices arise from decisions made on T-seperable choice occasions, where T depends on # of adults in household: Utj = Vj (y/T-rj, uj, qj, z, ) + ij y=household income rj, uj, and qj = automobile js 1-yr rental price, operating cost per mile, and non-price characteristics (respectively) z = a vector for household characteristics = par