Embryonic Stem Cell Research University of 胚胎干细胞研究.pptVIP

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Embryonic Stem Cell Research University of 胚胎干细胞研究.ppt

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President Obama Loosens Restrictions on Embryonic Stem Cell Research Rachel Kyllo 3/11/09 Sources: , Overview Embryonic Stem Cells: pluripotent Common source: fertility clinics Previous Restrictions Federally-funded labs’ use of ES cells was limited Privately-funded research continued This involved establishment of 100s of new lines The Proposed Bill Does NOT fund creation of new lines Allows labs that work with new lines to apply for federal funding through NIH Critiques ES Cells = life? Histocompatibility issues Rejection Graft-versus-host disease Significant advances with adult stem cells Induced pluripotent stem cells NOT totipotent – cannot develop into an individual. CAN differentiate into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers Embryos culled for destruction are used * For the past 8 years, Only lines created before August 9, 2001 New lines healthier, better suited towards generating treatments for human diseases * ES cells attack the host – recognize as foreign. Problems with rejection as well.Adult stem cells are autologous – no problem with histocompatibility. Adult stem cells have already been used to treat leukemias, cancers, juvenile diabetes, spinal-cord injuries, Parkinson’s, blindness. Transfection of specific stem cell-associated genes into differentiated adult cells, such as fibroblasts, induces the adult cells to become pluripotent stem cells * NOT totipotent – cannot develop into an individual. CAN differentiate into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers Embryos culled for destruction are used * For the past 8 years, Only lines created before August 9, 2001 New lines healthier, better suited towards generating treatments for human diseases * ES cells attack the host – recognize as foreign. Problems with rejection as well.Adult stem cells are autologous – no problem with histocompatibility. Adult stem cells have already been used to treat leukemias, cancers, juvenile diabetes, spinal-cord injuries, Parkinson’s, blindness.