England and the Americas Wikispaces英国和美洲Wikispaces.pptVIP

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England and the Americas Wikispaces英国和美洲Wikispaces.ppt

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England and the Americas Honors U.S. History Funding the Expeditions Spanish way – Funded by the Monarchy, profits go to the Monarchy English way – Funded by joint-stock companies (investors) Initially not controlled by the Monarchy Mercantilism Global wealth is limited Key is to acquire and keep valuable metals Gold Silver Colonies can provide a steady stream of materials to the main nation Main nation provides manufactured goods to the colonies for purchase The Lost Colony Sir Walter Raleigh established a settlement in North Carolina (1587) Roanoke Island 1590 – The colony and the settlers are completely gone Nobody knows for certain what happened to them Likely killed by local Indians Jamestown Earliest permanent English colony in the United States (1607) Formed by the Virginia Company Intended to find gold and silver Not prepared or equipped to build their own homes or grow their own crops Initially traded with the Indians Eventually started raiding each other 1610 – 60 of the original 500 settlers were still alive 1609 – 1610: “The Starving Time” “He who does not work, does not eat” Captain John Smith removed from control From Private Colony to Royal King James I takes over the colony Too many people dying Too many battles with the Indians The House of Burgesses – First body of government in the land Eventually becomes too elite and excludes small farmers No Gold or Silver but… 1612 – John Rolfe plants tobacco for the first time Previously a luxury controlled by the Spanish Highly addictive, creating a huge market Problem – Getting people to cultivate it Problem – Coming to Virginia is expensive Problem – You can’t enslave the Natives Solution – Indentured Servitude for 4-7 years in exchange for passage across Problem – A new class of poor mistreated farmers What About the Indians? Powhatan Confederacy – Taught the settlers how to develop tobacco Tobacco depletes the soil Settlers required lots of land that the Indians occupied John Rolfe marries Pocahontas (16