Epidemiology of NonCommunicable Diseases非传染性疾病的流行病学.pptxVIP

??? ???? ?????? ??????  ????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ? ??? ??? ??????? ??????.. Non-Communicable Diseases Chronic degenerative diseases Importance of NCD Non communicable diseases are the leading cause of functionary impairment and death worldwide. These conditions have been the leading cause of death in the United States and other high-income countries over the last fifty years, and they are emerging as a leading cause of death in low-to middle-income countries. Deaths across the globe: an overview Imagine a diverse international group of 1000 individuals representative of the women, men and children from all over the globe who died in 2004. Of those 1000 people, 138 would have come from high-income countries, 415 from middle-income countries and 447 from low-income countries. What would be the top 10 causes of their deaths? The major non communicable diseases are :  Cardiovascular Diseases. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Diabetes Hypertension Cancers Accidents in its different types Non communicable diseases also include injuries, which have an acute onset, but may be followed by prolonged convalescence and impaired function, as well as chronic mental diseases. Chronic diseases have been defined as : Chronic illnesses. Non-Communicable. Degenerative. Characteristics: Uncertain etiology. multiple risk factors. long latency period . Prolonged course of illness. non- contagious origin. functional disability and sometimes incurability . Latency period is the period between contact of the causative agent with susceptible host to the onset of first sign a symptoms. The cause of many chronic diseases remains obscure, but risk factors identified for some of the leading chronic diseases. The most important among these risk factor is Tobacco use especially in COPD . Strategies for the prevention Approach to prevention of chronic diseases can be considered under three hea