Explaining and Reducing Aggression Towson University解释和减少侵略陶森大学.pptVIP

Explaining and Reducing Aggression Aggression is an action performed with the deliberate intention of harming or injuring another person. Types of Aggression Hostile aggression Aggression motivated by negative emotions such as anger Intent is to inflict injury because of the anger Types of Aggression Instrumental aggression Aggression used to achieve a goal. Not emotional. Types of Aggression Symbolic aggression No physical harm toward victim. Aggression is directed against property or takes the form of verbal aggression. Types of Aggression Sanctioned aggression Aggression approved of and perhaps rewarded by society as in self-defense and war. Causes of Aggression A. Biological bases 1. Brain – Limbic system Case studies Animal research Biological Causes of Aggression 2. Hormones – Testosterone Correlational studies Male vs. Female XY vs. XYY Animal research Causes of Aggression B. Learning 1. Social learning theory – people learn by observing others Bandura’s “Bobo doll” studies Studies of media violence and aggressive behavior Learning Aggression 2. Cultural norms The Culture of Honor Causes of Aggression C. Motives and Emotions 1. Frustration-aggression hypothesis (Dollard Miller) i. Frustration always leads to aggression ii. Aggression is always preceded by frustration Problems: Frustration does not always lead to aggression Other factors can bring on aggression Frustration, Anger, and Aggression (Geen, 1968) General Aggression Model (Anderson) Controlling Aggression 1. Psychodynamic processes: Catharsis Controlling Aggression 2. Motivational processes: Control arousal Incompatible response strategy Gun control Controlling Aggression 3. Learning processes: Censor aggressive models Model prosocial behavior Introduce stronger penalties for violent behavior * * No Frustration Task Frustration Personal Frustration Insulted by Another Individual Differences Situational Variables Physiological Arousal Aggressive Thoughts Aggressive Feelings Appraisal Process