F T tests Wellcome Trust Centre for NeuroimagingF ampt检验惠康基金会神经影像中心.pptVIP

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F T tests Wellcome Trust Centre for NeuroimagingF ampt检验惠康基金会神经影像中心.ppt

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z, t, and F tests Making inferences from experimental sample to population using statistical tests CONTENTS OF TALK Distributions and probability – what is a statistical test? The normal distribution Inferences from sample to population: hypothesis testing Central limit theorem z tests and example t tests and example F tests/ANOVA and example …. and finally…. Statistical tests and SPM Distribution Probability If we know something about the distribution of events, we know something about the probability that one of these events is likely to occur. e.g. I know that 75% of people have brown eyes, therefore there is a probability of .75 that the next person I meet will have brown eyes. We can use information about distributions to decide how probable it is that the results of an experiment looking at variable x support a particular hypothesis about the distribution of variable x in the population. = central aim of experimental science This is how statistical tests work: test a sample distribution (our experimental results) against a hypothesised distribution, resulting in a ‘p’ value for how likely it is that we would obtain our results under the null hypothesis (null hypothesis = there is no effect or difference between conditions) – i.e. how likely it is that our results were a fluke! e.g. in an experiment I measure RT in two different conditions and find a difference between conditions. I want to know whether my data can statistically support the hypothesis that there is a genuine difference in RT between these two conditions in the population as a whole, i.e. that the data come from a population where the means of the two conditions are different. The null hypothesis is therefore that the means are the same, and I want a probability of less than .05 of getting the results we obtained under the null hypothesis A statistical test allows me to ‘test’ how likely it is that the sample data come from a parent population with a particular character