L15 Substitutive vs. Repetitive专用课件.pptVIP

Substitution vs. Repetition A Contrastive Study Contents 1. Constrastive Study English: Substitution, Ellipsis and Variation Chinese: Reduplication and Repetition 2. Translation Strategies for Substitution 3. Translation Strategies for Repetition 1.1 English: avoiding repetition Never use the same word or write the same thing twice in a sentence unless you are repeating intentionally for emphasis or for clarity. Repetition is more or less abnormal. 1.1.1 Nominal substitution He, she, they, it… This, that, these, those Who, whom, whose, that, which Who, whom, whose, what, which All, each, every, both, either, neither, one/ones, none, little, few, several, many, much, other, another, some, any, no… Enough, half, the same, the kind, the sort, the former, the latter, etc. Electrical charges of a similar kind repel each other and those that are dissimilar attract. 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。 He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, and despised it in others. 他讨厌失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失败，并且藐视别人的失败。 我们的民族再也不是一个被人侮辱的民族了。 Ours is no longer a nation subject to insult and humiliation. 我们提倡和平共处五项原则，这项原则目前在世界上越来越得人心了。 We have advocated the five principles of peaceful co-existence, which is now growing more and more popular in the world. 1.1.2 Verbal substitution We face the question in 1978, as to some extent we still do today… 我们在1978年面临这个问题，今天在某种程度上我们仍然面临这一问题。 He never really succeed in his ambitions. He might have done, one felt, had it not been for the restlessness of his nature. 他雄心勃勃，但从未如愿以偿。人们觉得，要不是他那贪得无厌的本性，他也许会有所作为。 1.1.3 Clausal substitution Factories known to produce components for missiles and submarines are being camouflaged, as are missiles launching and test sites throughout the USSR. 人们所知道的生产导弹部件和潜艇部件的工厂，都进行了伪装。苏联全国各地的导弹发射和试验场地，也都进行了伪装。 你没有搞好，我是不满意的，得罪了你就得罪了你。 You have done a poor job and I am not satisfied, and if you feel offended, so be it. 对比《论语》六种英译 子问公叔文子于公明贾，曰：“信乎？夫子不言不笑不取乎？”公明贾对曰：“以告者过也。夫子时然后言，人不厌其言。乐然后笑，人不厌其笑。义然后取，人不厌其取。”子曰：“其然，岂其然乎？” [1