选修课2.docVIP

9、英汉特点对比 As you know, our native language Chinese is quite different from English. There is really a big gap between the characteristics of the two languages. In order to learn the translation course better, we have to study the comparison between the source language and the target language. Just because all the theories, methods, techniques concerning English-Chinese translation are based on the comparison, it is very important to master the languages’ peculiarities. (1). Vocabulary It is said that English has more than 500,000 words, the biggest amount of the various languages in the world. （1）英汉两种语言中的词义宽窄常常不同，如： 英语：sister（姐、妹）marry（娶、嫁）director（主任、理事、局长） 汉语：阳台 (balcony, veranda) 商品(goods, commodity, merchandise) 事情(thing, matter, affair, business) 1）Word-building a. composition: 语言，街道，改革 b. conversion: paper the window, empty the basket 一棵大树（名），十年树（动）人 今天真热。（形） 热（动）饭。 1）Word-building c. derivation: able—unable; take—mistake; hope—hopeless—hopelessness; act-inaction 无限(infinite)， 无效(invalid)， 无意(unconscious)，无比(unmatched)， 无畏(fearless) 非正式(informal); 非法 (illegal) “无”与“非” 相当英语中的前缀un-,in-,il-,和后缀“less” 2)Collocation 英语与汉语在词的搭配能力方面往往有差异： take off glasses take off overcoat 摘下眼镜 脱掉外衣 have a cup of tea, have a cigarette, have dinner 喝茶 吸烟 吃饭 do one’s hair, do the dishes, do one’s nails 做头发 洗碗碟 剪指甲 2）Collocation 参加俱乐部 参加会议 参加建议 看黑板 看地图 看报纸 碰到困难 碰到老同学 碰到机会 Join the club attend the meeting give one’s view look at the blackboard study the map read the newspaper meet with difficulties run into a former classmate take one’s chance Collocation with mind---- 公众意见 爱国心 崇高的志向 失去理智 下决心 解放思想 心不在焉 改变主意 记住 the public mind patriotic mind high-aspiring mind lose one’s mind make up one’s mind emancipate the mind absent-minded change one’s mind bear(keep) in mind 3) stu