internationalcargotransportation.doc

国际货物运输特点 Complicated procedures A number of parties involved Timely Longer supply chain International Different jurisdiction administration High risks parties concerned with ICT国际货物运输的相关当事人 Features of chartering shipping租船运输的特点 Full load displacement重排水量（满载排水量） (⊿s) = Light ship weight(⊿1)+ full load + ∑G+ C ∑G: Reserved materials for operation of vessel C: Disposal and marine living things on the hull Free board The distance from the centre of the ring of load line marks to the upper edge of the deck-line The longer free board, the more reserved buoyancy Interantional conventions concerned with B/L有关提单的国际惯例 1.Hague Rules Background Abuse of the carrier’s stronger bargaining position during the nineteenth century Protecting cargo owners from widespread exclusion of liability by sea carriers Formulated in 1924 of the Hague Rules based on Harter Act The Hague/Visby Rules Amendment of basic provisions to the Hague Rules Minimum obligations of the carrier Maximum immunities of the carrier (1) Limit of liability (2) It shall become conclusive when the bill has been transferred to a third party (3) Immunity from tort action (4) Himalaya clause (5) Time bar of claim (6) Application of the Rules 3.The Hamburg Rules Substantial revisions to the Hague Visby Rules were adopted in 1978 at an international conference in Hamburg. There has been a great deal of opposition to the Hamburg Rules form traditional ship owning nations including the UK do not perceive them as sufficiently generous to the carrier. The Hamburg Rules were introduced under the auspices of the UN to take account of the perceived requirements of developing nations LCLs Legal governance of ICT Categories of chartering market Tramp shipping accounts for 75% of international carriage of goods by sea in terms of volume Oil shipping Liquid bulk Dry/bulk shipping Ore, coal, grain Specified cargo shipping Roll on/roll off; reefer ship; heavy lift carrier Features of liner shipping班轮运输特点 1.It?h