PA 重点概念【DOC精选】.doc

PA2 重点概念 ◇ Performance measure - Bonus system ( Case 3、5、6、16、17、18 ): 发放奖金的标准： I’s interests to that of the overall firm. ( 或者说align manager decisions with corporate long-term goal) Consider the cost-volume-profit factors Different performance evaluation and controls should be implemented in order to ensure motivation is consistent with desired result and behavior and ensure there are no conflicts. (对不同部门应该差异化进行奖金评估)Consider the long-term effects (interests) for the company as well as short-term. ( Goal congruence between long-term and short-term and reduce the incentive to engage in short-range practices to pump up current earnings to the detriment of future earnings) Using balanced scorecard approach to assess management performance based on the qualitative and quantitative factors. (consider the key success factors) 对于给管理者发放奖金：It should avoid the behavior of earnings management using by mangers (Earnings management often involves managers aiming earnings to an amount that maximizes their compensation package. Tools for control of earnings management include auditors, regulators, the board of directors, and the managerial labour market) 对于给员工发放奖金：The bonus may sets expectations for future projects and other employees may expect similar rewards in the future. 应有的作用：Motivate better performance, control, long-term development of company. 如何改进current bonus system: Redesign the performance incentive program to ensure that employee (or manager) and company goals are more congruent. Evaluating performance based on a longer term instead of one year result. Allocate the bonus based on several months instead of a year. Increase the considering factors for whether to award for bonuses. ( balanced scorecard: financial performance、learning and growth、customer satisfactory、internal business efficiency) ◇ Strategic leadership (Case 1、3、4、5Benchmarks) : ①Benchmarks: The Company can establish annual benchmarks to measure its success in moving toward this goal. ②Budget: Th