ChapterIntroductiontoComputingandEngineeringProblemSolving.ppt

Data Representationand Storage Digital computers store information as a sequence of bits (binary digits). The value or state of a bit at any given time can be 0 or 1 (off or on). Data is stored as a sequence of bytes. A byte is a sequence of 8 bits. Copyright ? 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Memory Diagram Address Space = 8 Word Size = 16 Copyright ? 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Address Sixteen Bit Word 000 0000101011011101 001 1010001011010100 010 1011010010100101 011 0101001101010101 010 0101000111001110 010 1100110000111010 110 0100011101001001 111 0101110001001000 Data Representation Right most bit is referred to as the least significant bit. Left most bit is referred to as the most significant bit. Value stored at address 000 is 00001010110111012 = 278110 But what does it represent? Copyright ? 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Numbering Systems Base ten number system Ten decimal digits (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) Each digit multiplies a power of ten Example: Copyright ? 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 24510 = 2*102 + 4*101 + 5*100 Numbering Systems Base two (binary) number system Two binary digits (0,1) Each digit multiplies a power of two Example: Copyright ? 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 101102 = 1*24 + 0*23 + 1*22 + 1*21 + 0*20 = 1*16 + 0*8 + 1*4 + 1*2 + 0*1 = 16 + 0 + 4 + 2 + 0 = 2210 Numbering Systems Base eight number system Eight octal digits (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7) Each digit multiplies a power of eight Example: Copyright ? 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 2458 = 2*82 + 4*81 + 5*80 = 2*64 + 4*8 + 5*1 = 128 + 32 + 5 = 1658 Numbering Systems Base sixteen number system Sixteen hex digits (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F) Each digit multiplies a power of sixteen Example: Copyright ? 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 2FB16 = 2*162 + F*161 + B*160 = 2*256 + F*16 + B*1 = 512 + 240 + 11 = 76310 Practice with Number Systems 1002 = ?8 37168 = ?2 1101001112 = ?10 3A1B16 = ?2 C