【人教版】高中英语选修六：Unit 1 Art 语法探究.docVIP

Unit 1 Art 语法探究 虚拟语气是新课标规定学生应掌握的语法项目，从各级考试题来看对虚拟语气的考察主要集中在虚拟语气应用的一般规律上，有时与情态动词的用法想结合考察。 虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实或者不是可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议或者与事实相反的假设等，一般常用与正式的书面语中。 与现在事实相反的条件句 虚拟语气在条件句中共有3种情况：与现在的事实相反；与过去的事实相反；与将来的事实相反。与现在的事实相反的条件句，谓语动词的形式见下表： 条件从句 主句 例句 动词的过去式 （be的过去式用were） Would（should，could，might）+动词原形 If I were you， I would not be so proud. I don’t have a cell phone. If I had one, it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others. 2． 表示与过去事实相反的情况，其主句从句中动词的使用情况见下表： 条件句 主句 例句 Had+p.p. Would/should/could/might+have+p.p If you had come earlier， you would have met him. 与将来的事实可能相反时 虚拟条件句 主句 例句 动词的过去式 或should+动词原形 或were to+ 动词原形 Should/would/could/might+动词原形 If it were to rain tomorrow, we would not go out. 省略if的虚拟 条件句的用法 在正式文体中， 有时可以把虚拟条件句中的连词if 省略，而将were, had， should等助动词（不包括行为动词）提到主语前面，形成主谓倒装。如果句中没有were, had, 或should时， 既不能省略if ，也不能倒装。 例如： Were I to meet him tomorrow(=If I were to meet him tomorrow), I should ask him about it. 要是我明天见到他，我就会问他这事的。 Had I had the money last year (= If I had had the money last year ), I would have bought the house. 如果我去年有了这笔钱，我几买那栋房子了。 Should there be any trouble with the boiler, the automatic controlling until would cut off the fuel oil supply. 假如锅炉出问题的话，自动装置会自动切断燃油的供应。 混合型虚拟条件句 通常情况下，在非真实条件句中 的主句和从句所指的时间是一致的，主从句中的谓语动词要么都是与现在事实相反，要么都是与过去事实相反等。但也有可能指不同的时间，这是要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。 例如：If I were you , I would have taken his advice. 我要是你，我就采纳了他的建议。（从句指现在，主句指过去 ） If her husband had not been killed in the war, she would not be helping others with the housework now. 如果她丈夫没有在战争中死去的话，她现在就不会帮助别人做家务了。（从句 指过去，主句指现在） 含蓄虚拟条件句 （1）有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。通常的词或短语有：without, but for, but that, otherwise, or ,but等。 例如：Without your help(= If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded. 要是没有你的帮助， 我们是不会成功的。 But for electricity(=If there were no electricity ), there would be no modern industry. 要是没电， 就不会有现代工业。 （2）有时虚拟与语气可以由otherwise，but， or来引导。 例如：I ran all the way to school, otherwise I would have been late. 我一路跑到学校，不然就迟到了。 He fel