酶催化还原反应研究进展.docVIP

酶催化还原反应研究进展 摘要 随着21世纪生命科学技术的高速发展，酶工程化学领域也有了突飞猛进的进步。特别是对酶催化的研究，全国各大高校及各地方性研究所等机构做出了巨大贡献，这也侧面反映了国家对酶工程化学研究的重视。酶作为一种生物催化剂具有高效性、专一性、多样性、温和性以及易变性等特性特征，是生物界赖以依存的高效催化剂并已广泛应用于各个领域中。酶工程是现代生物技术的重要组成部分，对各生命科学领域的技术突破具有一定的影响。当今，随着酶工程的不断的技术上突破，酶在医药工业方面、食品工业方面、轻工业、有机合成等方面应用越来越广泛。作为一项新技术，它对各领域势必会有一定的推进作用。本文侧重介绍酶催化的发展成果及未来的发展趋势与前景。 关键词 酶催化，酶工程，研究进展，生命科学技术 Title Enzyme catalytic reduction reaction research progress Abstract As the 21st century the rapid development of life science and technology, enzyme engineering chemistry field also has the progress by leaps and bounds. Especially for enzyme catalysis, the national universities and the local institutions such as institute made great contribution, it also reflects the country side of enzyme engineering chemistry research attention. Enzyme as a biological catalyst has high efficiency, specificity, diversity, mild and changeability characteristics characteristic, is the biosphere which dependent high-effective catalyst and has been widely used in various fields. Enzyme engineering is the modern biological technology important part of the life science field technical breakthrough has certain influence. At present, with enzyme engineering constant technical breakthrough, enzyme in the pharmaceutical industry, food industry, light industry, organic synthesis is more and more extensive application. As a new technology, it to every field will have certain propulsion function. This paper introduced the development of enzyme catalysis on achievements and future development trend and prospect. Keywords Enzyme catalysis, enzyme engineering, research progress, life science and technology 1引言在化学工业生产中，很多化学反应在一定条件下反应速率很慢，转化率很低，不能满足生产要求，而在加入催化剂的情况下，这一切得到了极大地改变。在化学反应里能改变其他物质的化学反应速率（既能提高也能降低），而本身的质量和化学性质在化学反应前后都没有发生改变的物质叫催化剂（也叫触媒）。酶是活细胞合成的，对其特定的底物起高效催化作用的蛋白质。酶作为生物催化剂,反应条件温和,可节省能源, 减少设备费用；可以利用酶通过 有限的步骤实现许多化学方法难以完成的反应；酶催化效率高,专一性强,可减少或避免副反应；酶来自生物体,是生物可降解的无环境毒害性物质,符合将废弃物控制在最小限度