小动物放射翻译要点.docx

图. 2-64:左心室乳突肌的M型心回波等级为12–15 MHz。A: 12 MHz.雪貂:在胸骨旁右心室短轴切面M型心回波图中（5）腱索很少。B: 12 MHz.兔子:胸骨旁右心室长轴切面M型心回波图。C: 15 MHz.智利鼠:M型可使用一个线性传感阵列从胸骨旁右心室长轴切面扫描到乳突肌。 (6’)当使用这种技术时左心肌的厚度和伸缩性会被高估。1:右心肌2:右心室3:心室间隔4:左心室5:腱索6:左心肌6’:乳突肌7:心包膜黄色虚线:M型心回波扫描边界=M型心回波扫描区域图. 2-65: 12 MHz.兔的二尖瓣M型心回波等级为12 MHzA:胸骨旁右心室长轴切面M型心回波图。B: 胸骨旁右心室短轴切面M型心回波图。在图中，A和E波几乎换位，而两波和B波有明显区别。1:心室间隔2:左心室3: anteriomedial二尖瓣小叶4: posteriolateral二尖瓣小叶5:左心肌E: E-wave =二尖瓣舒张前期A: A-wave =二尖瓣舒张后期valve during atrial contraction黄色虚线:M型心回波扫描边界=M型心回波扫描区域图. 2-66:兔左心房、主动脉瓣、肺动脉瓣的M型心回声图A: 12 MHz,胸骨旁右心室长轴切面M型心回波图，主动脉开放的半月瓣（4’）呈颤动状。B: 8.5 MHz, 胸骨旁右心室短轴切面M型心回波图，可用M型心回波图制作雪貂和兔的长、短轴切面图，以便于比较心脏收缩末期(5)和舒张末期的主动脉直径(2)。1:右心室2:主动脉窦3:关闭的主动脉瓣4: 开放的主动脉瓣4’:颤动状的半月瓣5: 左心房黄色虚线:M型心回波扫描边界=M型心回波扫描区域2.4.2.6多普勒心回波图在评估心脏生理状况时颜色编码和多普勒心回波图技术的应用是必不可少的。 This imagingtechnology improves ones ability to diagnose, prognose,and evaluate treatment response even in small exotic mammals.这种成像技术提高了诊断、预测病情和评估治疗结果的能力，甚至可以用于外来小型哺乳动物。It has been determined through clinical experience that oneshould primarily use 2D color Doppler.临床经验证明2D彩色多普勒超声成像应该成为检测的首选方法。 More over, with smallexotic pet mammals, the color-coded M-mode is recommended.特别是在针对小型哺乳类宠物的治疗时，彩色M型超声成像技术是值得被推荐使用的技术。Thus, information about blood flow directions, rough estimatesof blood flow velocities, and the localization of turbulencecan be collected in a relatively short period of time.而且，这种技术可用于快速收集有关血流方向、粗略估计血流速度和血液湍流处的数据。 Thenext step in a color Doppler scan is recording the placement ofthe sonic line for the PW and CW Doppler and the respectivecurves for quantification of the blood flow.下一步，彩色多普勒扫描会记录下PW和CW声波线的分布和它们各自的曲线，用于血流的定量化检测。 There is a generalconsensus that blood flow velocities can only be adequately determinedwhen the direction of blood flow and the distributionof the ultrasound waves are almost parallel.血流速度只有在血流方向与超声波几乎完全平行时才能被准确测量是一个共识。 An angle correction,which is frequently recommended and used for other bodyareas with conventional Doppler ultrasonography, should not beemployed when performing a Dop