3 Central Processing Unit.ppt

Unit 3 Central Processing Unit What Is a Processor? A processor is a functional unit that interprets and carries out instructions. Computer designers are fond of calling their computers machines, so the instruction set is sometimes referred to as machine instructions and the binary language in which they are written is called machine language. You should confuse the processors instruction set with the instructions found in high-level programming languages, such as BASIC or C. For example, if an instruction is to perform the operation of adding two numbers, it must know what the two numbers are and where the two numbers are. 例如，指令要执行两个数相加的操作，它必须知道是哪两个数字以及这两个数存放在哪里。 When the numbers are stored in the computers memory, they have addresses to indicate where they are, so if an operand refers to data in the computers memory it is called an address. The processors job is to retrieve instructions and operands from memory and to perform each operation. Having done that , it signals memory to send it the next instruction. having done that：指“完成以上操作之后” 处理器的工作是从存储器中取出指令和操作数以执行每个操作。 This step-by-step operation is repeated over and over again at awesome speed. 这种按部就班的操作以惊人的速度周而复始地重复着。 A timer called a clock releases precisely timed electrical signals that provide a regular pulse for the processors work. 一个被称为时钟的计时器定时地精确地发出电信号， For example, in an 8-MHz processor, the computers clock ticks 8 million times to every 1 second tick of an ordinary clock. 例如，对于一个8MHz的处理器来说，普通时钟每秒滴答一次，而该计算机时钟则滴答了800万次。 A processor is composed of two functional units - a control unit and an arithmetic/logic unit - and a set of special workspaces called registers. 1.The Control Unit The control unit is the functional unit that is responsible for supervising the operations of the entire computer system. 控制器是负责监控整个计算机系统操作的功能部件。 In some ways, it is analogous to a telephone switch-board with intelligence because it makes the connections between various functional units of the comp