[名校联盟]江苏省灌南高级中学高二英语：Module 5 Unit1 Grammer and usage学案.docVIP

妙学巧计：最常用的两种单句结构及句子成分定义。 [状]，（定）主语（定）+ 谓语(行为动词) +（定）宾语（定）补语 [状]，（定）主语（定）+ 谓语(连系动词) +（定）表语（定） 注意：作谓语用动词，动词才做谓语；谓语前面是主语；行为动词后面是宾语； 连系动词后接表语；形容词作定语，一个句子作定语就是定语从句； 副词作状语，一个句子作状语就是状语从句； 常用名词作主语、宾语、表语、同位语，一个句子在句中相当于名词，就是名词性从句，它们是主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。 非谓语动词（to do、doing、done）在句子中除了不能做谓语（因为它们是非谓语），其他成分都可以。 非谓语动词使用之“葵花宝典”：[] 英语一句一谓语，两个以上非谓语，否则就得用从句；[] 主动或进行用现在分词，被动或完成用过去分词；目的或结果常用不定式！ 动词不定式： 一．不定式的结构：to + do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。否定式：not +to do 1. 一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。例如：Im glad to meet you. The question is easy to answer. The patient asked to be operated on at once. I have something important to do. The teacher ordered the work to be done. 2. 进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如： The boy pretended to be working hard. He seems to be reading in his room. 3. 完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。例如： I happened to have seen the film. He is pleased to have met his friend. ★ Alexander bell is considered __________ the first telephone. A. to invent B. to be invented C. to have invented D. to be inventing ★ The first telephone is considered ___________ by Alexander bell. A. to invent B. to be invented C. to have invented D. to have been invited 二．不定式的句法功能： 1. 作主语：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. To lose your heart means failure. 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式： It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose your heart. 常用句式有： (1) It+be+名词+to do--- (2) It takes sb.+some time+to do--- (3) It+be+形容词（常用表示主观方面的）+of sb. +to do--- (常用careless, clever, foolish, honest, kind, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等) (4) It+be+形容词（常用表示客观方面的）+for sb.+to do--- (常用important, difficult, possible, impossible, necessary, unnecessary等) It’s generous _________ her to donate ￥10,000 to Hope Project. A. for B. of C. form D. with 3. 作宾语： (1) 行为动词+to do。 常用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, pretend, refuse, manage, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾