高中英语被动语态总结.docVIP

高中英语被动语态总结 一、需要使用被动语态的情况在以下情况常需要使用被动语态：1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。　My bike was stolen last night.2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。　I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3. 为了更好地安排句子。　The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） 二、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时2) has /have been done 现在完成时 3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时4) was/were done 一般过去时5) had been done 过去完成时6) was/were being done 过去进行时7) shall/will be done 一般将来时8) should/would be done 过去将来时9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）10) should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用） 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1) 带情态动词的被动结构：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。　The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。　His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。　Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4) 在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。　 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。　　The meeting is to be put off till Friday.　　 3. 非谓语动词的被动语态的构成 1). 不定式一般式的被动语态。由“to be+过去分词”构成。如： She asked to be given some work to do. 她要求给她一些工作做。 　 He was the last person to be asked to speak. 他是最后被邀请发言的人。 2). 不定式完成式的被动语态。由“to have been+过去分词”构成。如： 　　I should like to have been told the result earlier. 我本想让人把结果早点告诉我的。 3). 现在分词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。如： 　　I saw him being taken away. 我看见有人把他带走了。 　　Being protected by a wall， he felt quite safe. 有墙作保护，他感到很安全。 4). 现在分词完成式的被动语态。由“having been+过去分词”构成。如： 　　Having been invited to spea, I’ll start making preparations tomorr