第三章管式反应器.pptVIP

第三章 管式反应器 3. 1平推流反应器 the Plug Flow Reactor 平推流反应器（PFR）：反应器中的流动状态是人们设想的一种理想流动，即在反应器内具有严格均匀的速度分布，且轴向没有任何混合。 PFR is characterized by the fact that the flow of fluid through the reactor is orderly with no element of fluid overtaking or mixing with any other element ahead or behind. Actually, there may be lateral mixing of fluid in a PFR; however, there must be no mixing or diffusion along the flow path. The necessary and sufficient condition for plug flow is for the residence time in the reactor to be the same for all elements of fluid. 平推流反应器特点： （1）在正常情况下，它是连续定态操作，故在反应器的各个截面上，过程参数（浓度、温度等）不随时间而变化； （2）反应器内浓度、温度等参数随轴向位置变化，故反应速率随轴向位置变化。 （3）由于径向具有严格均匀的速度分布，也就是在径向不存在浓度分布。 PFR的基础设计方程 对PFR建立物料衡算式，就可以得到PFR的基础设计方程式。在PFR中进行平推流动时，物料衡算式有如下特点： （1）由于流动处于稳定状态，各点浓度、温度和反应速度均不随时间而变化，故单元时间上t可任取； （2） 由于沿流动方向浓度、温度和（－rA）都在改变，故应取单元体积△V＝dV； （3）稳定状态下，单元时间、单元体积内反应物的积累量为零。 Steady-state Plug Flow Reactor In a plug flow reactor the composition of the fluid varies from point to point along flow path; consequently, the material balance for a reaction component must be made for a differential element of volume dV. Thus for reactant A, the material balance becomes Referring to Fig left, we see for volume dV that: Input of A, moles/time = FA Output of A, moles/time = FA+dFA Disappearance of A by reaction, moles/time = (-rA)dV FA=(FA+dFA) + (-rA)dV Noting that dFA=d[FA0(1-xA)]=-FA0dxA We obtain on replacement FA0dxA=(-rA)dV This , then, is the equation which accounts for A in the differential section of reactor of volume dV. For the reactor as a whole the expression must be integrated. Now FA0, the feed rate, is constant, but (-rA) is certainly dependent on the concentration or conversion of materials. Grouping the terms accordingly, we obtain Equation 3.2-5 allows the determination of reactor size for a given feed rate and required conversion. As a more general expression for plug reactors. If the feed on which conversion