生物化学 chap 8 TCA HMP幻灯片.pptVIP

TCA …… Tricarboxylic acid cycle Citric acid cycle Definition The cycle oxidizes pyruvate to CO2 and H2O , with the concomitant production of energy (ATP). Location The cycle occurs within the mitochondria（线粒体） of eukaryotes（真核生物） and cytosol（细胞质） of prokaryotes （原核生物）. Section 1 The cycle process TCA How many ATP molecules are generated with 1 molecule of pyruvate through TCA pathway? How many ATP molecules are generated with 1 molecule of glucose through EMP-TCA pathway?( one glucose is oxidized to CO2 and H2O.) EMP :8 Pyruvate to acetylCoA:6 TCA cycle:24 Physiological importance of EMP-TCA pathway  A common pathway for complete oxidation of carbohydrates into CO2 and H2O. Main source for energy supply To produce intermediates for biosynthetic pathways TCA is the common pathway for complete oxidative catabolism of macromolecules in organism (protein, nucleic acid and lipid) Physiological importance of EMP-TCA 糖、脂、蛋白质等物质彻底氧化的途径； 生成大量的ATP，是机体利用糖或其它物质氧化获得能量的最有效方式； 合成代谢提供原料; 糖、脂、蛋白质三大物质转化的枢纽. NADH is oxidized by the respiratory chain to generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. NADPH is used for biosynthetic reactions that require reducing power (such as synthesis of fatty acids and steroids) Functions Another pathway for complete oxidation of carbohydrates; an assistant pathway of EMP (70% by EMP, 30% by HMP) To supply reducing power NADPH for biosynthetic reactions (lipid anabolism) Intermediates of HMP are used materials to synthesize compounds (such as ribose 5-phosphate)(An important pathway for pentose metabolism) gluconeogenesis (anabolism of glucose) Gluconeogenesis (糖的异生作用) the process for nonsugars (e.g. AA, organic acid etc.) to be turned into saccharides in organism. * Step 1: pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA by the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase Pyruvate dehydrogenase is a complex of three enzymes; One NAD+ is reduced to NADH Step 2: TCA The cycle carries out the oxidation of acetyl groups from acetyl CoA to CO2 with th