生物化学 Chap 9 lipid metabolism幻灯片.pptVIP

Chap9 lipid metabolism Catabolism of fat/triglyceride Anabolism of fat/triglyceride Section 1 Hydrolysis of triglyceride Glycerol breakdown Fatty acid breakdown(?-oxidation / ?-氧化) Step 1 Activation Step 2 Transport into mitochondria Energy yield One molecule of saturated fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms (C18) is completely oxidized, then how many ATP will be released? Key: 146 ATP Oxidation of odd-chain fatty acid Fatty acid synthesis in cytosol (胞浆合成体系) For synthesis of fatty acid with no less than 16 carbon atoms In mitochondria ( 线粒体加长体系) for elongation of fatty acids Comparison of fatty acid oxidation and synthesis Triglyceride synthesis * * Catabolism of triglyceride Glycerol kinase 3-Phosphoglycerol dehydrogenase Fatty acid breakdown brings about the oxidation of long-chain acids with the production of energy (ATP). Fatty acid breakdown occurs in the cytosol of prokaryotes and in the mitochondria of eukaryotes. Location: Thiokinase(硫激酶, also called acyl CoA synthase) ?Before entering the mitochondria, the fatty acid is activated by forming a thioester link with CoA. Long chain acyl CoAs cannot cross the inner mitochondria membrane, and require a specific transport mechanism. To achieve this, the long chain acyl CoAs are conjugated to the polar carnitine (肉毒碱，catalyzed by carnitine acyltransferase)。 R-C-SCoA O H-SCoA cytosol carnitine carnitine acyltransferaseⅠ R-C-carintine O Inner membrane mitochondria translocase R-C-carintine O carnitine H-SCoA R-C-SCoA O mitochondria Ⅱ Step 3 β-oxidation pathway HSCoA repeating sequence of four reactions: oxidation (by FAD) Hydration oxidation (by NAD+) thiolysis. These four reactions form one ‘round’ of fatty acid degradation to remove two-carbon units in the form of acetyl CoA. Thus, C16 saturated fatty acid, such as palmitate (棕榈酸), would be completely degraded into: eight molecules of acetyl CoA by seven rounds of β-oxidation . Activation: ATP