线粒体进化与人类起源课稿.ppt

* 1. Different hypothesis of human origin and some basic concepts. 2.New evidence and perspective( The Research Of Africa population). 3. Our group’s opinion and other perspectives. Part 1: Different hypothesis of human origin and some basic concepts. Who creates the human being? Or These are the different myths in ancient China and some western countries, but they are merely our imaginations, no evidences can be found to prove these absurd myths. In Nov 24th, 1859, a revolutionary book was published by Charles Darwin, which change our long-believed view of human origin thoroughly. And it is also widely accepted in nowadays. In this book, Darwin first put forward the theory of evolution. After he travelled around the world, analyze the data he collected, he claimed that human derived from ape. Here comes another question， Where do human beings derive from? 1.Wersten Europe 2.CHINA 3.Africa 1. Homo heidelbergensis (海德堡人） For a long time, Europe was thought to be the place where human beings derived from, especially Western Europe. Since there are more fossils found in other regions, this hypothesis was rejected. 2. Homo erectus pekinensis(北京人） It is one of the most popular hypothesis, which we are all familiar with. It was found in 1927, after the discovery of Peking Man, we also found some relic and prove that Peking Man use fire for the first time. 3. African Nowadays, more and more people come to accept this hypothesis, also, Darwin himself was in favor of this theory. Why more and more people believed that human derive from Africa, we’ll discuss later. The characteristic of human Mitochondrial DNA Map of human mitochondrial DNA 1.The mitochondrial genomes of most species are circular DNA with no associated histone proteins.（大多数物种的线粒体基因组是没有关联的组蛋白的循环） 2.The size of mtDNA differs greatly among organisms, most of this size variation is in noncoding sequences such as introns and intergenic regions (间隔区）（在生物体之间线粒体的大小是不同的，大多数这种大小变化是在非编码序列，如内含子和基因间区域 3.Each mitochond