苏州大学《分子免疫学》B卷参考答案共8页.doc

苏州大学《免疫学》B卷 考试形式 闭卷 院系 ___________ 年级 ____________ 专业 ____________ 学号 ___________ 姓名 ____________ 成绩 ____________ 名词解释 (4’×15＝60)（英文名词请用英文回答） 免疫应答： Positve selection of T cells： lymphocyte traffic recirculation Tc： Co-stimulatory molecule： Interferon： 免疫受体酪氨酸抑制基序 DC： TCR-CD3 complex: Affinity maturation Allograft TSA Hypersensitivity Antigen Cytokine问答题（8’×5＝40） 1. 试比较HLA I类、II类分子的结构、组织分布和功能特点。 2. 简述I型超敏反应的发生过程及机制并举例说明。’×15＝60) 1．免疫应答：指机体受抗原性异物刺激后，体内免疫细胞发生一系列反应以排除抗原性异物的生理过程。主要包括抗原呈递细胞对抗原的加工、处理和呈递，以及抗原特异性淋巴细胞的活化、增生、分化，进而产生免疫效应的过程。Positive selection of T cells: T cells that express a TCR that can bind weakly to self MHC are spared from death and are positively selected to survive. 3．lymphocyte traffic and recirculation Lymphocytes produced in the primary lymphoid organs (thymus-T, bone marrow-B) migrate via the bloodstream to the secondary lymphoid organs/tissues where they carry out the function. They do not stay in one site but continually recirculate through the body in search of antigens. 4．Tc are CD8+ cells: also called cytotoxic T cells which kill virally infected cells. Once activated cytotoxic T cells act on target cells infected pathogen and kill them by apoptosis (through porferin depended killing and fas depended killing). This stops intracellular pathogens reproducing and further infecting host cells. 5．Co-stimulatory molecule：共刺激分子。T细胞的完全活化同时需要两个信号，第一信号来自TcR与MHC递呈的抗原肽；第二信号来自共刺激分子，如T细胞的CD28分子与APC上的B7分子结合诱导T细胞增殖和淋巴因子的分泌。 6．Interferons are proteins involved in protection against viral infections. The two kinds of interferon, type I and type II, have different cellular origins and mediate a range of different activities. They interfere with viral replication but also are signaling molecules between cells. 7．ITIM：免疫受体酪氨酸抑制基序。是免疫细胞表面的抑制性调节分子胞浆区所共有的以酪氨酸残基为基础的氨基酸序列基序，其特征为：在氨基酸上游为侧链体积较大的氨基酸如异亮氨酸或V，其下游第三个氨基酸为亮氨酸。ITIM基序中的酪氨酸是磷酸酯酶的作用位点，被去磷酸后导致细胞的抑制。 8． DCs are required by T cell to enable them to respond to antigens. DCs